EVOLUTION AND HUMAN DESTINY 



death. This, however, will not too adversely affect the 

 survival of the species, as long as a sufficient portion 

 of cells in each generation escapes. As the mutations in 

 unicellular organisms (certainly if they occur in the 

 cell nucleus) are transmitted to the fission products, 

 they are simultaneously somatic as well as genetic mu- 

 tations. They will therefore at times give rise to a 

 successful new strain. 



Now as has been discussed, the amount of damaged 

 material carried by each generation is statistically pro- 

 portional to the existence span of that generation. The 

 seriousness of any damage done depends on the com- 

 plexity of organization of the creature. Generally the 

 more complex unicellular organisms (protozoa) have 

 longer life spans than the simpler ones. Consequently 

 an increasingly smaller portion of each generation 

 survives without serious damage having been done, as 

 unicellular creatures become larger and more complex. 

 Therefore, unless an effective method were to develop, 

 by means of which the mutation damage could be con- 

 trolled, there would exist a definite limit to the com- 

 plexity to which cells were able to develop and still 

 survive as species. 



The new method, that arose in the process of evolu- 

 tion to undo mutation damage, is conjugation! The 

 manner in which it works can be explained in the 

 following way. 



It is certainly valid to assume that the probability of 



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