Nature of the Universe 31 



knowledge, purposes, ideas, ideals, were earlier not 

 existent; later they exist. At first without life, the 

 universe produces it, including its outer aspects and 

 its inner experiences. In other words, the lifeless uni- 

 verse comes to life ; at first dead and inert, it begins 

 to become conscious of itself, it begins to feel, to 

 think, to have ideas and purposes and ideals. This 

 constitutes one of the main features of the biological 

 picture of the universe. 



Next we must inquire into the consequences of this 

 coming to life and consciousness. Is the production of 

 what is new hmited to the things of the inner experi- 

 ence.^ Or do these things, when they appear, alter the 

 movements, the chemical and physical processes that 

 occur ? If they do, then physical and chemical changes 

 occur in a different way after the appearance of 

 sensations, feelings, purposes; there is development 

 in the laws of movement as there is in things mental. 

 If they do, then mental things are important factors 

 in the progress of the universe. Are these things true.^ 

 To these questions we turn in our next lecture. 



