Nature of Evolutionary Progress 51 



them. Yet nothing in the later science is in contra- 

 diction to what was in the earlier science, provided 

 science sticks throughout to observation and experi- 

 ment. For the phenomena and laws of action dis- 

 covered in later periods have arisen from conditions 

 that did not occur in the earlier periods. In describing 

 and explaining them, it is these new conditions that 

 must be taken into consideration. The methods of ac- 

 tion of the living creatures do not oppose or contra- 

 dict those of inorganic bodies ; they are merely other 

 methods, additional methods, that are to be incor- 

 porated into science on the same basis as the laws of 

 inorganic things. 



Return now to what occurs in the development of 

 life. It is clear that the production of phenomena that 

 are new is not limited to the first appearance of life. 

 The simplest organisms — the filtrable viruses or bac- 

 teria or amoeba-like creatures — obviously did not 

 and do not experience the sensations, emotions, ideas, 

 and mental states in general, with their correlated 

 methods of action, that occur in the higher animals 

 and man. And the later mental experiences, such as 

 are found in man, are not predictable from such as 

 occur in the simplest forms of life. Organic evolution 

 thus involves repeated or rather continual production 

 of phenomena and ways of action that did not before 

 occur and were not predictable from what did before 

 occur. The universe did not become sterile with the 

 first production of life. It is continuously creative 

 now as in the past. 



