The Management of Life 73 



conflict is by no means the only type of relation be- 

 tween individuals. Each individual finds himself tied 

 in many ways to others. There is the need for mates ; 

 a need that exists even in the lowest grades of life ; a 

 need whose fulfillment adds, in higher organisms, 

 more than any other, to the fulness and adequacy and 

 variety of Hfe. There are the relationships of parent 

 and offspring, tying the generations together by 

 powerful bonds. There are requirements of mutual 

 aid and division of labor ; requirements that largely 

 determine the course of life in many organisms, such 

 as the ants and the bees as well as in man. There are 

 manifold social relationships. These relations to other 

 individuals — relations not of conflict but of coopera- 

 tion — take up a large share of the activities of life. 

 Such relationships are found in all organisms, as we 

 have seen, even in those that are low in the scale, even 

 animals made up of but a single cell. Social relation- 

 ships, playing a great role in life, are by no means 

 peculiar to man. 



All these relationships develop their correlative 

 inner" or mental experiences. There is love for the life 

 of the fellow creature ; for the mate, for the child, for 

 the parent, for companions. There is a satisfaction 

 in seeing their Hves flourish ; there is a desire to pro- 

 mote the life of one's fellows as well as of one's self. 

 These are among the most intense and the most 

 powerful of the motives to action. 



And these things are natural developments, as 

 natural as the impulse and desire to preserve and 

 promote one's own life. They are ultimate experi- 



