352 Bulletin Vanderbilt Marine Museum, Vol. VII 



References : Sepia rugosa, Bosc, L., Actes Soc. Hist. Nat. Paris, 

 1792, 1. 1, p. 24, pi. 5, figs. 1, 2. — Octopiis (Octopus) Rugosus 

 ROBSON, G. C, Monogr. Recent Cephalop. Coll. Brit. Mus., 

 pt. I, 1929, p. 63, pi. 2, fig. 3, text figs. 8-9 (with full synony- 

 my). 



Octopus (Octopus) horridus d'Orbigny, Audouin and Savigny 



Plate 148 



Type : The type of this species has a curious history. Collected 

 by the French Governmental Expedition into Egypt, it was first 

 figured by M. Savigny in his exquisite plates, illustrating the "Ex- 

 ploration de I'Egypte," "explication" of which by M. Audouin was 

 published in 1826 (exact date of issue not traceable) . Meanwhile, 

 M. d'Orbigny described the species, apparently basing his descrip- 

 tion on the unpublished Savigny illustration ; this description was 

 published in January or February, 1826. This specimen figured 

 by Audouin and Savigny, so labeled, is deposited in the Sencken- 

 berg Institute, Frankfort, Germany, but bears also the confusing 

 designation of type of Octopus fimbriatu£ Ruppell, Mss. name, 

 used by d'Orbigny for an octopus apparently from the Red Sea, 

 which was reported and described in a letter sent him by de Haan. 



Distribution : Originally described from the Red Sea (d'Or- 

 bigny, Audouin, Savigny) and Egyptian coast, this species, which 

 is preeminently an inhabitant of the shallow- water reefs and coral 

 crevices, is abundant and widely distributed in the west and cen- 

 tral Indian Ocean, having been recorded repeatedly from the Suez 

 Canal, Red Sea, Egyptian coast (Gray, Weindl, Wulker) ; Kor 

 Dongala, Suakim, Zanzibar (Hoyle) ; South Africa (Krauss) ; 

 Indian Ocean, Amirante Island (Robson) ; Hulule and Male Atoll, 

 Maldive Archipelago (Hoyle) ; and Ceylon (Hoyle, Winckworth). 



Material examined: Two small specimens, collected in the 

 Red Sea, at Makawa Islands, by the "Ara," March 12, 1929. 



Technical description : The body of this species is of vari- 

 able shape, frequently being pyrif orm, with a subconical apex and 

 sometimes of a distinctly quadrate-ovoid appearance. The head is 

 not very distinctly separated. The mantle aperture is narrow. 

 There are about six filaments in each demibranch. The funnel is 



