Kingdom Protoctista [ 39 



In the present work, a less symmetrical system of phyla is offered. Its basis is an 

 ingenuous system of red algae, brown algae, fungi, and the four traditional groups of 

 protozoa; this has been radically modified in view of the great accumulation of 

 knowledge subsequent to the formulation of these groups. The phylum Pyrrhophyta 

 as here limited is tentative; the phylum Protoplasta, marked only by negative char- 

 acters, amounts to a dumping ground for groups whose relationships are altogether 

 obscure. 



1. Living by photosynthesis, which takes place 

 in plastids containing red or blue chromo- 

 protein pigments; never producing flagellate 



cells Phylum 1. Rhodophyta. 



1. Without chromoprotein pigments. 



2. Typically living by photosynthesis, 

 brown, yellow, or green in color. 



3. Producing flagellate cells each with 

 one pantoneme or pantacroneme 

 flagellum, often with additional 



acroneme flagella Phylum 2. Phaeophyta. 



3. Producing flagellate cells whose fla- 

 gella are never pantoneme or pan- 

 tacroneme, often stichoneme Phylum 3. Pyrrhophyta. 



2. Dependent; motile cells with acroneme 



flagella or cilia, or amoeboid, or none. 



3. Not producing cilia, i. e., structures 



of the nature of acroneme flagella, 



numerous and widely distributed 



on the surfaces of the cells. 



4. Cells walled in the vegetative 

 condition. 



5. Producing motile cells 

 with single posterior fla- 

 gella; bodies mostly with 



tapering rhizoids Phylum 4. Opisthokonta. 



5. Producing no motile cells; 



bodies filamentous Phylum 5. Inophyta. 



4. Cells not walled in the vegeta- 

 tive condition. 

 5. Mostly predatory, flagel- 

 late or amoeboid or with 



flagellate or amoeboid stages Phylum 6. Protoplasta. 



5. Parasitic in animals, pro- 

 ducing flagellate cells only 



as rare exceptions Phylum 7. Fungilli. 



3. With cilia .Phylum 8. Ciuophora. 



