Phylum Phaeophyta [ 59 



Family 2. Chrysocapsacea [Chrysocapsaceae] Pascher in Siisswasserfl. Deutschland 

 2: 85 (1913). Family Chrysocapsidae Poche in Arch. Prot. 30: 156 (1913). Non- 

 motile cells with brown plastids (usually two), imbedded in gelatinous matter and 

 forming colonial aggregates, the protoplasts sometimes escaping as zoospores with 

 two flagella. Chrysocapsa Pascher, in fresh water, the colonies few-celled. Phaeo- 

 sphaera West and West, the colonies more extensive. 



Family 3. Monadina Ehrenberg Infusionsthierrhen 1 (1838). Family Monades 

 Goldfuss ( 1818), the mere plural of a generic name. Family Dendromonadina Stein 

 Org. Inf. 3, I Halfte: x (1878). Family Monadidae Kent (1880). Family Hetero- 

 monadina Biitschli in Bronn Kl. u. Ord. Thierreichs 1: 815 (1884). Family Chryso- 

 monadaceae Engler in Engler and Prantl Nat. Pflanzenfam. I Teil, Abt. 2: 570 

 (1897), not family Chrysomonadina Stein. Family Ochromonadaceae Senn in 

 Engler and Prantl Nat. Pflanzenfam. I Teil, Abt. la: 163 (1900). Family Ochro- 

 monadidae Doflein. Pigmented or colorless Ochromonadalea, flagellate in the 

 vegetative condition, not forming circular or globular free-swimming colonies, nor 

 loricate, nor bearing calcareous structures on the cell walls (these being the distinc- 

 tions respectively of the three following families). 



Ochromonas is considered to be in its normal condition when it occurs as solitary 

 swimming cells; it occurs also as gelatinous colonies like those of Chrysocapsa. 

 Stylochrysalis consists of O chromonas-like cells attached by a stalk at the end away 

 from the flagella. Chrysodendron is similar but colonial, the cells attached by branched 

 stalks. Brehmiella Pascher (1928) may occur as free-swimming Ochromonas-Vikt 

 cells, or these may become attached by the end away from tlie flagella and develop 

 a whorl of pseudopodia at the free end. Pseudopodia are a device for predatory nutri- 

 tion, here occurring in an organism which is capable also of photosynthesis. Hetero- 

 chromonas includes organisms of the structure of Ochromonas but without plastids, be- 

 ing presumably saprophytic, and containing only a pigmented speck by which it is sup- 

 posed that the direction of light is perceived. The historical generic name Monas 

 O. F. Miiller, as restricted in application by scholars up to Ehrenberg and as applied 

 ever since, designates totally non-pigmented cells, saprophytic or predatory, free- 

 swimming like Ochromonas or attached like Stylochrysalis [Physomonas Kent desig- 

 nates cells of Monas in the attached condition). There are believed to be several 

 species, but the group remains poorly known. It was in some member of it that Loeffler 

 (1889) first observed the pantoneme character of flagella. Dendromonas consists of 

 similar cells forming colonies like those of Chrysodendron. In Cephalothamnium 

 Stein, Monas-\ikc cells are gathered in capitate clusters on stout stalks. Anthophysis 

 Bory is an organism which Leeuwenhoeck had described as a microscopic water 

 plant: it consists of Monas-Vikt cells at the ends of branching stalks colored yellow 

 by deposits of iron. The comparatively unfamiliar original spellings of the two 

 generic names just mentioned were restored by Kudo ( 1946). The name Uvella Bory 

 appears to represent small clusters of cells of Cephalothamnium or Anthophysis 

 which have broken loose to swim free. 



Family 3. Syncryptida [Syncryptidae] Poche in Arch. Prot. 30: 156 (1913). Family 

 Isochrysidaceae Pascher in Siisswasserfl. Deutschland 2: 43 (1913), not based on a 

 generic name. Family Isochrysidae Calkins Biol. Prot. 262 (1926). Families Synura- 

 ceae and Syncryptaceae Smith Freshw. Algae (1933). Ochromonas-Vike cells forming 

 circular or globular free-swimming colonies. Flagella markedly unequal, colonies 

 circular: Cyclonexis; colonies globular: Uroglena, Uroglenopsis. Flagella apparently 

 equal: Syncrypta, Synura. 



