62 ] The Classification of Lower Organisms 



1. Amoeboid Family 6. Chrysamoebida. 



1. Filamentous Family 7. Thallochrysidacea. 



Family 1. Chrysosphaeracea [Chr>'Sosphaeraceae] Pascher in Arch. Prot. 52: 562 

 (1925). Family Naegelliellaceae Pascher op. cit. 561. Family Nagelliellidae Hall 

 Protozoology 133 (1953). Non-motile brown cells, either capable of repeated division 

 into two, thus forming aggregates of indefinite number, or else undergoing multiple 

 division and producing colonies of definite number of cells; mostly known to produce 

 uniflagellate zoospores. Chrysosphaera, Epichrysis, Chrysospora, Gloeochrysis, Nae- 

 gelliella, and other genera. 



Family 2. Hydruracea [Hydruraceae] West British Freshw. Algae 45 (1904). 

 Hydrurina Klebs in Zeit. wiss. Zool. 55: 420 (1893). Family Hydruridae Poche in 

 Arch. Prot. 30: 158 (1913). Like Chrysosphaeracea, but the colonies dendroid, 

 growing at the tips, becoming macroscopic; producing tetrahedral zoospores and 

 spheroidal resting cells bearing a unilateral crest. Hydrurus foetidus, in mountain 

 streams. 



Family 3. Chrysomonadina Stein Org. Inf. 3, I Halfte: x (1878). Family 

 Chrysomonadidac Kent Man. Inf. (1880). Family Chromulinaceae Engler in Engler 

 and Prantl Nat. Pflanzenfam. I Teil, Abt. 2: 570 (1897). Family Chromulinidae 

 Doflein. Brown flagellates with a single anterior flagellum, sometimes producing 

 siliceous granules but without more extensive siliceous structures. Free-swimming, 

 walled: Chrysococcus, Microglena. Naked: Chromulina, the type genus of Chryso- 

 monadina, the generic name Chrysomonas being a synonym. Organisms of this genus 

 are rather freely capable of producing pseudopodia and supplementing photosynthetic 

 nutrition by predatism, or, alternatively, of producing gelatinous aggregates of 

 walled non-motile cells (Hofender, 1913; Gicklhom, 1922). Chrysapsis differs from 

 Chromulina in having in each cell a single plastid in the form of a network. Solitary 

 attached cells, producing pseudopodia only occasionally: Lepo chromulina. Bearing 

 whorls of permanent pseudopodia: Cyrtophora, Pedinella, Palatinella (Pascher, 

 1928). 



Family 4. Mallomonadinea Diesing in Sitzber. Akad. Wiss. Wien Math.-Nat. CI. 

 52, Abt. 1: 304 (1866). Family Mallomonadidae Kent (1880). Brown uniflagellate 

 free-swimming cells with an armor of siliceous scales usually bearing bristles. Mallo- 

 m.onas, solitary cells, the bristle-bearing scales circular. Conradiella, the scales of the 

 form of rings about the body. Chrysosphaerella, spherical colonies, each cell with two 

 long bristles. 



Family 5. Actiniscea [Actinisceae] Kiitzing Phyc. Germ 117 (1845). Family 

 Dictyochidae Wallich. Class Silicoflagellata (Borgert), orders Siphonotestales and 

 Stereotestales, and families Dictyochaceae and Ebriaccae Lemmermann in Ber. 

 deutschen bot. Gcss. 19: 254-268 ( 1901 ). Division (?) Silicoflagellatac Engler. Family 

 SiHcoflagellidae Calkins Biol. Prot. 263 (1926). Famihes Ebriopsidae, Ditripodiidae, 

 Ammodochidae, and Ebriidae Deflandre in Grasse Traite Zool. 1, fasc. 1: 421, 423, 

 424 (1952). Solitary brown uniflagellate cells with a continuous internal skeleton of 

 silica. Marine, commonest in colder oceans. 



The skeletons are not subject to decay and are found as micro fossils in chalk 

 and diatomaceous earth. They have been reported from the Silurian and are com- 

 monest in certain Cretaceous deposits. Ehrcnbcrg described several fossil species, 

 classifying them as diatoms. The living forms, subsequently discovered, include 

 apparently the same species. 



Gemeinhardt (in Rabcnhorst, 1930) accounted for the structure of the cells. 



