86 ] The Classification of Lower Organisms 



1. Producing no spores; all individuals diploid 



and reproducing exclusively sexually Order 7. FucoroEA. 



Order 1. Phaeozoosporea [Phaeozoosporeae] Hauck in Rabenhorst Kryptog.-Fl. 

 Deutschland 2: 312 (1885). 

 Order Syntamiidae Areschoug in Act. Reg. Soc. Upsala 14: 387 ( 1850) , in part; 



a nomen confusum. 

 Order Ectocarpeae J. Agardh Sp. Alg. 1: 6 (1848), preoccupied by family 



EcTOCARPEAE KUtzing (1843). 

 Section (of Algae Zoosporeac) Phaeosporeae Thuret in Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. 



ser. 3, 14: 233 (1850). 

 Order Phaeosporeae Wettstein Handb. syst. Bot. 1: 173 (1901). 

 Order Ectocarpales Bessey in Univ. Nebraska Studies 7: 288 (1907). 

 Order Phaeosporales and suborder Ectocarpineae Taylor in Bot Gaz. 74: 435, 

 436 (1922). 

 Microscopic brown algae of the form of undifferentiated uniseriate branching fila- 

 ments, mostly with distinct haploid and diploid stages (exceptionally lacking the 

 former), the stages distinguishable only by the limitation of unilocular reproductive 

 structures to the diploid stage, the gametes morphologically uniform. 



The order is typified by Ectocarpus, which is by coincidence also the theoretical 

 ancestral type of the brown algae, the living organism which supposedly represents 

 the evolutionary origin of the group. Recent systems of classification limit this order, 

 formerly construed as extensive, to this genus and a few others, as Pylaiella and Streb- 

 lonema, which make up the family Ectocarpea [Ectocarpeae] Kiitzing (family Ecto- 

 carpaceae Cohn). 



Order 2. Sphacelarialea [Sphacelariales] (Oltmanns) Engler and Gilg Syllab. ed. 

 9 u. 10: 27 (1924). 

 Order Sphacelarieae J. Agardh Sp. Alg. 1: 27 (1848), preoccupied by family 



Sphagelarieae Kiitzing (1843). 

 Sphacelariales Oltmanns Morph. u. Biol. Alg. ed. 2, 2: 2 (1922). 

 Brown algae distinguished from the Ectocarpea only by features of the vegetative 

 structure, namely that the filaments have large apical cells, and that the cells cut off 

 from them divide lengthwise without increasing considerably in thickness, with the 

 result that the filaments consist of tiers of cells. The life cycle is the same as in Ecto- 

 carpea. Family Sphacelariea [Sphacelarieae] Kiitzing (family Sphacelariaceae Cohn) 

 includes Sphacelaria and Stypocaulon. A few other families have been segregated. 



Order 3. Dictyotea [Dictyoteae] Greville Alg. Brit. 46 (1830). 

 Tribe Dictyoteae Harvey in Mackay Fl. Hibern. 159 (1836). 

 Family Dictyoteae Kiitzing Phyc. Gen. 337 (1843). 

 Order Dictyotaceae Hauck in Rabenhorst Kryptog.-Fl. Deutschland 2: 302 



(1885). 

 Class Dictyotales Engler in Engler and Prantl Nat. Pflanzenfam. I Teil, Abt. 2 : 



ix (1897). 

 Akinetosporeae Oltmanns Morph u. Biol. Alg. 1: 473 (1904). 

 Order Tilopteridales and Class Tetrasporeae with order Dictyotales Bessey in 



Univ. Nebraska Studies 7: 290 (1907). 

 Scries Aplanosporeae Setchell and Gardner in Univ. California Publ. Bot. 8: 



649 (1925). 



