96 ] The Classification of Lower Organisms 



sineae, Dinococcineae, Dinotrichineae, Euglenineae, and Euglenocapsineae 

 Pascher in Beih. bot. Centralbl. 48, Abt. 2: 325, 326 (1931). 

 Classes Chloromonadina, Euglenoidina, and Cryptomonadina Hollande in Grasse 



Traite Zool. 1, fasc. 1: 227, 238, 285 (1952). 

 Further synonymy as of the name of the phylum. 

 Characters of the phylum. 



There are about one thousand known species. Clearly, thirteen classes for their 

 accommodation, as proposed by Pascher, are excessive; perhaps one goes too far 

 in the other direction in making the entire group a single class. The type of the 

 class is the euglenid Astasia. This is true because the family Astasiaea was listed 

 first in the earliest appearance of the traditional group Flagellata or Mastigophora 

 in due taxonomic form, as order Astoma Siebold, If the euglenids are set apart, 

 taking with them the class name Mastigophora, the remaining larger class will be 

 called Peridinea [Peridineae] Wettstein. 



The traditional four orders are tenably natural; but that of dinoflagellates includes 

 about four-fifths of the species, while the chloromonad group is very inconsiderable. 

 The system will be more convenient if the former order is divided into three, and if 

 the latter is included in the euglenid order. The resulting five orders are distinguished 

 as follows: 



1. Pigmentation if present brown, olive, or the 

 like; flagella normally two. 



2. Flagella at the anterior end of the cell, 

 not moving in longitudinal and trans- 

 verse grooves. 



3. Not walled in the flagellate con- 

 dition, flagella not markedly dif- 

 ferentiated, or not differentiated 



as anterior and circumferential .Order 1 . Cryptomonadalea. 



3. Usually walled in the flagellate 

 condition; flagella respectively an- 

 terior and circumferential Order 2. Adiniferidea. 



2. Flagella attached laterally, respectively 

 longitudinal and circumferential, moving 

 in grooves impressed upon the cells. 

 3. Not walled in the flagellate con- 

 dition Order 3. Cystoflagellata. 



3. Flagellate cells with a wall usually 



of articulated plates Order 4. Cilioflagellata. 



1. Pigmentation if present typically bright 

 green, flagella normally solitary, sometimes 

 two or more Order 5. Astoma. 



Order 1. Cryptomonadalea [Cryptomonadales] Engler Syllab. ed. 3: 7 (1903). 

 Subclass Cryptomonadineae Engler in Engler and Prantl Nat. Pflanzenfam. 



ITeil, Abt. la: iv (1900). 

 Cryptophyceae, including Phaeocapsales and Cryptococcales, Pascher in Ber. 



deutschen bot. Gess. 32: 158 (1914). 

 Order Cryptomonadinae Pascher Siisswassei-fl. Deutschland 1: 28 (1914). 

 Order Cryptomonadina Doflein Lehrb. Prot. ed. 4: 417 (1916). 



