98 ] The Classification of Lower Organisms 



3. Amoeboid in the vegetative con- 

 dition Family 3. Paramoebida. 



2. Parasitic amoeboid organisms, the flag- 

 ella of swimming stages respectively 

 anterior and trailing Family 4. Paradinida. 



1. Flagellate cells with two planes of symmetry Family 5. Nephroselmidacea. 



Family 1. Cryptococcacea [Cryptococcaceae] Pascher in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 48, 

 Abt. 2: 325 (1931). YdimWy Phaeocapsaceae West British Freshw. Alg. 48 (1904), 

 in part; Phaeocapsa is a chrysomonad. Family Phaeoplakaceae Pascher 1. c. Solitary 

 or clustered cells, non-motile in the vegetative condition, reproducing by flagellate 

 cells of cryptomonad type. Phaeococcus, Cryptococcus, Phaeoplax. Chrysidella in- 

 cludes yellowish cells called zooxanthellae, internally symbiotic in Radiolaria, Rhizo- 

 poda, sponges, coelenterates, and rotifers. It is believed that the supposed zoospores 

 of various amoeboid organisms are actually flagellate reproductive cells of Chrysi- 

 della escaping at certain stages of the life cycles of their hosts. 



Family 2. Cryptomonadina Ehrenberg Infusionsthierchen 38 (1838). Family 

 Chilomonadidae Kent Man. Inf. 1: 423 (1880). Family Cryptomonadaceae Engler 

 Syllab. ed. 3: 7 (1903). Family Chilomonadaceae Lemmermann 1909. Family 

 Cryptomonadidae Poche in Arch. Prot. 30: 159 (1913). Flagellate in the vegetative 

 condition, the two flagella not markedly differentiated, springing from the anterior 

 end of the cells, usually from the mouth of a pit lined by granules of some sort. 

 Cryptomonas and Cryptochrysis have brown or yellow plastids; Chromomonas and 

 Cyanomonas have blue ones; Rhodomonas has red ones. Chilomonas is a colorless 

 saprophyte familiar in infusions. The colorless Cyathomonas, also from infusions, 

 was shown by tJlehla (1911) to be related to Chilomonas. 



Family 3. Paramoebida [Paramoebidae] Poche in Arch. Prot. 30: 173 (1913). 

 Schaudinn (1896) discovered the sole known species, Paramoeba Eilhardi, in an 

 aquarium of sea water. It is an amoeboid organism with the peculiarity that each 

 cell contains beside the nucleus an additional body which divides when the nucleus 

 does. The cell may form about itself a shell of debris, and within this may undergo 

 division into many cells which escape as pigmented swarmers resembling cells of 

 Cryptomonas. 



Family 4. Paradinida [Paradinidae] Chatton in Arch Zool. Exp. Gen. 59: 444 

 (1920). The sole known species, Paradinium Poucheti, is a parasite in the body 

 cavity of copepods. The amoeboid cells are linked together by slender pseudopodia 

 so as to form a network. The reproductive cells have a shorter anterior flagellum 

 and a longer trailing flagellum. 



Family 5. Nephroselmidacea [Nephroselmidaceac] Pascher Siisswasserfl. Deutsch- 

 land 2: 'llO (1913). Family Nephroselmidae Calkins Biol. Prot. 267 (1926). Cells 

 isobilateral. Cells disk-shaped, the flagella on the margin: Scnnia. Cells laterally 

 extended, bean- or kidney-shaped, the indentation anterior and bearing the flagella: 

 Protochrysis, Nephroselmis. 



Order 2. Adiniferidea Kofoid and Swczy in Mem. Univ. California 5: 108 

 (1921). 

 Suborder Adinida Blitschli in Bronn Kl. u. Ord. Thicrreichs 1: 1001 (1885). 

 Suborder Prorocentrinea Poche in Arch. Prot. 30: 160 (1913). 

 Desmokontae, including Desmomonadales and Desmocapsales, Pascher in Ber. 

 deutschen bot. Gess. 32: 158 (1914). 



