Phylum Pyrrhophyta [ 109 



1934). Deflandre was unable to find appendages on the flagella of members of this 

 family. As in other members of the order, the flagella spring from a deep anterior pit 

 in the cell; in this family, the pit is a functional cytopharynx (Hall, 1933). The cyto- 

 plasm of Peranema contains three brief rods, the pharyngeal rods or Staborgane, 

 lying near the cytopharynx; their function is unknown. Each cell of Urceolus, of 

 Anisonema, and of Heteronema contains a single conspicuous rod extending the length 

 of the body. Hall and Powell (1928) and Hall (1934) described the mitotic process 

 in Peranema, which is much as in Menoidium. 



Family Coelomonadina Butschli in Bronn Kl. u. Ord. Thierreachs 1 : 819 (1884). 

 Family Vacuolariaceae Luther in Bihang Svensk. Vetensk-Akad. Handl. 24, part 3, 

 no. 13: 19 (1889). Family Chloromonadaceae Engler Syllab. ed 3: 7 (1903). Family 

 Thaumatonemidae Poche in Arch. Prot. 30: 155 (1913). Family Chloromonadidae 

 HoUande in Grasse Traite Zool. 1, fasc. 1: 235 (1952); family Thaumatomonadidae 

 Hollande op. cit. 686. Unicellular organisms, mostly green, with two diiTerentiated 

 flagella springing from a large reservoir, producing globules of oil but no solid storage 

 product. Klebs apologized for erecting the grossere Abtheilung Chloromonadina for 

 the single genus Vacuolaria, and in fact, this genus differs from other members of the 

 present order only in one conspicuous character, the failure to produce paramylum. 

 Fott (1935) studied the cytology of Vacuolaria. From the base of each flagellum, a 

 rhizoplast extends into the cytoplasm, but fails to come into contact with the nucleus. 

 Several granules or swellings, not definitely identifiable as blepharoplasts or centro- 

 somes, are distributed along the length of each rhizoplast. In mitosis, which takes 

 place within an intact nuclear membrane, the numerous subglobular chromosomes 

 form a blunt-ended figure much as in Chilomonas. Genera believed to be allied to 

 Vacuolaria include the green flagellate Goniostomum; Chysophaeum Lewis and 

 Bryan (1941), a marine organism forming non-motile yellow dendroid colonies of 

 m.acroscopic dimensions; and the colorless flagellate Thaumatomastix Lauterborn 

 (originally named Thaumatonema, but there is among plants an older genus of this 

 name). 



