158] The Classification of Lower Organisms 



Non-pigmented flagellates having acroneme or simple flagella; amoeboid stages, 

 if they occur, having lobopodia. The standard is Bodo. Four orders are to be recog- 

 nized. 



1. Flagella one or two Order 1. Rhizoflagellata. 



1. Flagella four to eight (in each neuromotor 

 system, if these are more than one). 



2. Axostyles, if present, homologous with 

 flagella; parabasal body commonly ab- 

 sent Order 2. PoLYMASXiGroA. 



2. Axostyles present, not homologous with 

 flagella; parabasal body present, disap- 

 pearing during mitosis Order 3. Trichomonadina. 



1. Flagella of indefinite large numbers Order 4. Hypermastigina. 



Order 1. Rhizoflagellata [Rhizo-Flagellata] Kent Man. Inf. 1: 220 (1880). 



Orders Trypanosomata (the mere plural of a generic name) and Flagellato- 



Pantostomata in part Kent op. cit. 218, 229. 

 Suborders Monadina in part and Heteromastigoda Biitschli in Bronn Kl. u. Ord. 



Thierreichs 1: 810, 827 (1884). 

 Protomastigina Klebs in Zeit. wiss. Zool. 55: 293 (1893). 

 Order Protomonadina Blochmann Mikr. Tierwelt ed. 2, 1 : 39 (1895). 

 Subclasses Pantostomatineae and Protomastigineae Engler in Engler and Prantl 



Nat. Pflanzenfam. I Teil, Abt. la: iv (1900). 

 Orders Pantostomatales and Protomastigales Engler Syllab. ed. 3: 7 (1903). 

 Orders Cercomonadinea and Monadidea in part Poche in Arch. Prot. 30: 139, 



140 (1913). 

 Orders Pantostomatineae and Protomastigineae Lemmermann in Pascher Siiss- 



wasserfl. Deutschland 1: 30, 52 (1914). 

 Order Rhizomastigina Doflein Lehrb. Prot. ed. 4: 704 (1916). 

 Orders Pantostomatida and Protomastigida Calkins Biol. Prot. 286, 288 (1926). 

 Orders Trypanosomidea Grasse, Bodonidea Hollande, and Proteromonadina 



Grasse in Grasse Traite Zool. 1, fasc. 1: 602, 669, 694 (1952). 



Orders Rhizomastigida and Protomastigida Hall Protozoology 171, 173 (1953). 



Non-pigmented flagellates with one flagellum or two unequal flagella, these 



simple or acroneme; commonly with amoeboid stages, or amoeboid while bearing 



flagella. The type, being the sole genus of Rhizo-Flagellata as originally published, is 



Mastigamoeba, i. e., Chaetoproteus Stein. 



As the synonymy shows, most authorities have made these organisms two orders, 

 Pantostomatales (or some such name), amoeboid in the vegetative condition, and 

 Protomastigina (or the like), not definitely so. Monas, and the choanoflagellates 

 and Amphimonadaceae, usually included in the latter order, have in the present work 

 been given places elsewhere. The residue of the Protomastigina are not sharply 

 different in character from the original Rhizoflagellata, and are accordingly placed 

 in the same order. The resulting group is not a very numerous one. Some examples 

 appear to occur naturally as predators in uncontaminatcd waters; the majority have 

 been found in foul or contaminated waters, or in feces, and are believed to be 

 naturally cntozoic, cither commensal or parasitic. Further examples are parasites in 

 blood. A cytological character marking the majority of the goup, but not confined 

 to it, is the parabasal body (better, perhaps, the kinetoplast; Kirby, 1944). This is a 



