Phylum Protoplasta [167 



outside the nuclear membrane. This structure divides and the daughter structures 

 move apart along the nuclear membrane. They remain connected, usually until mito- 

 sis is complete, by a stainable strand, the paradesmose. Definite chromosomes, usually 

 few in number, and an intranuclear spindle, are formed. Mitosis is completed by con- 

 striction of the nuclear membrane. In what appears to be the typical course of cell 

 division, the rhizoplast and blepharoplast divide when the centrosome does. Of other 

 parts of the neuromotor system, some may remain connected to one blepharoplast 

 and some to the other; some may disappear. The parts needed to complete a neuro- 

 motor system are regenerated in each daughter cell. 

 1. With a single nucleus and neuromotor system. 

 2. Lacking a cresta, costa, or undulating 



membrane Family 1. MoNOCERCOMONADroA. 



2. With a trailing flagellum whose base is 



underlain by a cresta Family 2. DEVEScoviNroA. 



2. With a trailing flagellum grown fast to 

 the cell membrane, forming an undula- 

 ting membrane underlain by a costa Family 3. Trichomonadida. 



1. With several nuclei and neuromotor systems. . Family 4. CALONYMPHroA. 

 Family 1. Monocercomonadida [Monocercomonadidae] Kirby in Jour. Parasitol. 

 33: 225 (1947). Minute flagellates of the appearance of certain Tetramitida, but 

 having a firm axostyle, the parabasal body disappearing and a paradesmose forming 

 between the daughter centrosomes during mitosis; lacking a cresta, costa, or undulat- 

 ing membrane; entozoic in termites and other insects, and in all classes of vertebrates. 

 Monocercomonas, Hexamastix, Tricercomitus. 



Family 2. Devescovinida [Devescovinidae] Doflein Lehrb. Prot. ed. 3: 537 (1911). 

 Subfamily Devescovininae Kirby in Univ. California Publ. Zool. 36: 215 (1931). 

 Organisms with three anterior flagella and a larger trailing flagellum underlain by a 

 cresta; confined to termites of the families Mastotermitidae, Hodotermitidae, and 

 Kalotermitidae, being most abundant in the last. The cells, usually fairly large, ingest 

 scraps of wood and are presumed to contribute to the lives of their hosts by digesting 

 it. Devescovina, Gigantomonas, Macrotrichomonas, Foaina, Parajoenia, Metadeves- 

 covina. Spirochaets which share the habitat of these organisms are commonly found 

 adhering to their cell membranes, and were mistaken for additional flagella in the 

 original descriptions of some of the genera. 



Family 3. Trichomonadida [Trichomonadidae] Wenyon Protozoology 1 : 646 

 (1926). Flagellates with three or more flagella directed forward and one trailing, the 

 proximal part of the latter grown fast to the cell membrane and forming an undula- 

 ting membrane underlain by a costa. Entozoic in a wide variety of animals. Tricho- 

 monas, normally with four anterior flagella, is the most numerous genus. It occurs 

 in termites, including those of the advanced family Termitidae, in which scarcely 

 any other flagellates occur; it does not ingest wood, and is not believed to be benefi- 

 cial to its hosts. It occurs also in all classes of vertebrates. Man harbors Trichomonas 

 tenax as a commensal in the mouth. T. vaginalis may be a serious pathogen. Penta- 

 trichomonas obliqua (Moquin-Tandon) comb. nov.,l commensal (or pathogenic?) 

 in the gut has at the anterior end a fifth flagellum separate from the other four 

 (Kirby,^1943). 



icf. footnote, p. 165. 



