190] The Classification of Lower Organisms 



a phylum, the legions classes, and so forth. This idea served him as license for con- 

 founding the application of many names, by shifting them among the categories, or 

 by substituting new names for old. All subsequent authors have followed Haeckel's 

 system of Radiolaria, applying names as best they might. 



The class Heliozoa in the extended sense here proposed may be organized as five 

 orders distinguished as follows: 



1. Cells without a central capsule, i.e., without 

 a firm membrane surrounding the inner part 



of the protoplast Order 1. Radioflagellata. 



1. Cells with a central capsule. 



2. Central capsule of spherical symmetry 

 or with three planes of symmetry at 

 right angles, punctured by many pores. 

 3. Pores of the central capsule evenly 

 distributed; skeleton absent or pres- 

 ent, without spicules which cross the 



central capsule or meet in its center Order 2. Radiolaria. 



3. Pores of the central capsule clust- 

 ered; skeleton including spicules 

 which cross the central capsule or 



meet in its middle Order 3. Acantharia. 



2. Central capsule of radial symmetry, with 



one opening Order 4. Monopylaria. 



2. Central capsule of isobilateral symmetry, 

 with one main opening and two minor 

 ones Order 5. Ph.'SlEosphaeria. 



Order 1. Radioflagellata Kent Man. Inf. 1 : 225 ( 1880) . 



Subdivision or subclass Heliozoa (Haeckel), and orders Aphrothoraca (Hert- 



wig), Chlamydophora (Archer), Desmothoraca (Hertwig and Lesser), and 



Chalarothoraca (Hertwig and Lesser) Biischli in Bronn Kl. u. Ord. Thier- 



reichs 1: 261, 320, et seq. (1881, 1882). 



Suborder Protoplasta Filosa Leidy in Rept. U.S. Geol. Survey Territories 12: 



189(1879). 

 Class Proteomyxa Lankester ( 1885) . 



Subclass Proteomyxiae and orders Acystosporidia, Azoosporidia, and Zoospori- 

 dia; subclass Heliozoariae and orders Aphrothoracida, Chlamydophorida, 

 Chalarothoracida, and Desmothoracida Delage and Herouard Traite Zool. 

 1: 66-72, 156-168 (1896). 

 Order Heliozoa Doflcin Protozoen 13 ( 1901 ) . 



Orders Vampyrellidea and Chlamydomyxidea Poche in Arch. Prot. 30: 182, 

 193 (1913). 

 The proper Heliozoa together with the Proteomyxa: organisms of the character 

 of the class, lacking central capsules, that is, firm membranes about the inner part of 

 the protoplasts. Mostly fresh water organisms of spherical .symmetry, commonly with- 

 out skeletons. The type, being the only genus assigned to the order by Kent, is 

 Actinomonas. 



1. Pscudopodia unspecialized; amoeboid organ- 

 isms with or without flagellate stages. 



