198] The Classification of Lower Organisms 



Order 4. Monopylaria Haeckel in Jenaische Zeitschr. 15: 422 (1882) . 

 Order Afowopy/^^n Hertwig Org. Radiolar. 133 (1879). 

 Legion Nassellaria with orders Plectellaria and Cyrtellaria, and six suborders, 



Haeckel in Rept. Voy. Challenger Zool. vol. 18 (1887). 

 Legion Nassellaria with sublegions Plectellaria and Cyrtellaria and orders Nas- 

 soidea, Plectoidea, Stephoidea, and Cyrtoidea, Haeckel Radiolarien H Teil 

 (1887). 

 Order Monopylida Delage and Herouard Traite Zool. 1: 215 (1896). 

 Suborder Nassellaria Doflein. 



Suborder Monopylaria Minchin Protozoa 256 (1912). 

 Order Mo7zop};/ga Poche in Arch. Prot. 30: 218 (1913). 

 Suborder Monopylea Kudo Handb. Protozool. 261 (1931). 

 Suborder Monopylina Hall Protozoology 218 (1953). 

 This order is distinguished by a central membrane with one opening, or with a 

 single circular field of pores. From this opening or field as a base, there extends into 

 the central capsule a large conical body (apparently a bundle of protoplasmic fibers) 

 called the porocone. The skeleton varies from none to highly elaborate; it does not 

 in any form consist of separate spicules. Its symmetry is dorsiventral, not radial. 

 These skeletons are well known as microfossils. 



In this group, under the name of legion Nassellaria, Haeckel placed twenty-six 

 families. Other authors recognize about a half dozen. 



Family Nassellida Haeckel (1887). Skeleton none. Cystidium. 

 Family Plectonida Haeckel (1887). Family PlectidaYiztcktl (1882), not based 

 on a generic name. Skeleton consisting of three arms radiating from a point opposite 

 the mouth of the central capsule; sometimes with a fourth forming a caltrop. 

 Triplagia. 



Family Stephanida Haeckel (1887). Family Stephida Haeckel (1882), not based 

 on a generic name. Skeleton including a ring in the sagittal plane, often with a basal 

 tiipod and with branches and crossbars. Lithocircus, Zygostephanus. This family is 

 well represented by microfossils as far back as the Cambrian. 



Family Eucyrtidina Ehrenberg 1847. Family Polycystina Ehrenberg in Abh. 

 Akad. Wiss. Berlin ( 1838) : 128 ( 1839), not based on a generic name. Families Hali- 

 cryptina and Lithochytridina Ehrenberg 1847. Family Cyrtida Haeckel (1862). 

 Order Cyrtoidea, with twelve families, Haeckel (1887). Skeleton a more or less bas- 

 ket-shaped network; the root cyrt- in many of the names is Greek KupTr|, a fishing 

 basket. Lithocampe, Cryptocalpis, Eucyrtidium, Theoconus, Dictyoconus, and many 

 other genera. This group is common as Mesozoic and Cenozoic microfossils, occurring 

 mixed with diatoms and silicoflagellates. 



Family Spyridina Ehrenberg 1847. Family Spyrida Haeckel (1882). Order 

 Spyroidea, with four families, Haeckel (1887). The skeleton divided by sagittal 

 grooves into two lobes. 



Family Cannobotryida Haeckel (1887). Family Botrida Haeckel (1882), not 

 based on a generic name. Order Botryoidea, with three families, Haeckel ( 1887) . The 

 skeleton divided by three or more longitudinal grooves into as many lobes. 



Order 5. Phaeosphaeria Haeckel in Sitzber. Jenaische Gess. Med. Naturw. 1879: 

 156(1879). 

 Phaeodariae, with orders Phaeocystia, Phaeogromia, Phaeosphaeria. and 

 Phaeoconchia Haeckel op. cit. 



