Phylum Fungilli [219 



chiefly annelid worms. Bartramia attacks rotifers; Ichthyosporidium is a serious 

 parasite of fishes; Coelosporidium attacks cockroaches. 



The following family, of uncertain position, may tentatively be associated with the 

 Haplosporidiidea : 



Family Metchnikovellida [Metchnikovellidae] Caullery and Mesnil in Compt. 

 Rend. Soc. Biol. 77: 527 (1914), Ann. Inst. Pasteur 33: 214 (1919). Secondary 

 parasites, intracellular in gregarines; cells naked at first, with very minute nuclei, 

 which become numerous, later converted into walled cysts of characteristic form, the 

 protoplasts undergoing division into uninucleate infective cells. Mctchnikovella, 

 Amphiamblys, Amphiacantha. 



Class 2. NEOSPOR!D!A (Schaudinn) Calkins 



Myxosporidia Biitschli in Zool. Jahresber. 1880: 162 (1881). 



Subclass Myxosporidia Biitschli in Bronn Kl. u. Ord. Thierreichs 1, Abt. 1 : Inhalt 

 (1882). 



Subclass Amoebogeniae Delage and Herouard Traite Zool. 1: 291 (1896). 



Subclass Neosporidia Schaudinn in Zool. Jahrb. Anat. 13: 281 (1900). 



Order Cnidosporidia Doflein Protozoen 177 (1901). 



Class Cnidosporidia Poche in Arch. Prot. 30: 224 (1913). 



Class Neosporidia and subclass Cnidosporidia Calkins Biol. Prot. 445, 448 (1926). 



Subphylum Cnidosporidia Grasse Traite Zool. 1, fasc. 1: 129 (1952). 



Class Cnidosporidea Hall Protozoology 311 (1953). 



Fungilli whose resting cells contain polar capsules; are walled, at least usually, 

 by a layer of modified cells; and, in most examples, release a single infective cell. 



As a general rule, the vegetative bodies of Neosporidia are plasmodia, i.e., naked 

 multinucleate bodies, usually freely capable of asexual reproduction by internal or 

 external budding. An entire small plasmodium may become converted into one or two 

 spores, or the spores may be cut out internally and produced continually. The spores, 

 at least in the two better-known orders, are structures formed from several cells; they 

 are not homologous with the spores of the proper Sporozoa. In most examples, only 

 one of the cells involved in the formation of a spore is fertile, and only one infective 

 protoplast is released on germination. Of the sterile cells, one or more become con- 

 verted into the structures called polar capsules. These resemble the nematocysts of 

 coelenterates : they contain a coiled hollow thread capable of swift extroversion. 

 Extroversion occurs during germination. Its significance is unknown. The presence 

 of polar capsules marks the class as a natural group. 



Three orders are recognized: 



1. Spores covered by two valves formed from 



accessory cells Order 1. Phaenocystes. 



1. Spores covered by three valves formed from 



accessory cells Order 2. Actinomyxida, 



1. Spores very minute, with a continuous mem- 

 brane Order 3. Cryptocystes. 



Order 1. Phaenocytes Gurley in Bull. U. S. Fish Comm. 11 : 410 (1893). 

 Order N^maiocj^^ffrfa Delage and Herouard Traite Zool. 1: 291 (1896). 

 Order Phaenocystida Labbe in Thierreich 5 : 85 (1899). 



