222 ] The Classification of Lower Organisms 



into an individual whose one or two nuclei remain undivided until the commence- 

 ment of the ill-understood process by which the complicated spores, with three valves 

 and three polar capsules, are produced. 



Family 1. Tetractinomyxida [Tetractinomyxidae] Poche in Arch. Prot. 30: 231 

 (1913). Family Haploactinomyxidae Granata in Arch. Prot. 50: 205 (1925). Spores 

 subglobular, with a single binucleate sporozoite. Tetractinomyxon. 



Family 2. Synactinomyxida [Synactinomyxidae] Poche I.e. Family Euactinomyxi- 

 dae Granata I.e. Family Triactinomyxidae Kudo Handb. Protozool. 314 (1931). 

 Spores producing eight or more sporozoites. S phaeractinomyxon and Neactinomyxon, 

 the spores subglobular. Synactinomyxon, with two of the valves protruding as con- 

 siderable horns, the whole horse-shoe shaped. Triactinomyxon and Hexactinomyxon, 

 all three valves drawn out into long horns, the whole caltrop- or anchor-shaped. 



Order 3. Cryptocystes Gurley in Bull. U. S. Fish Comm. 11 : 409 ( 1893). 

 Microsporidies Balbiani 1882. 

 Order Microsporidiida Labbe in Thierreich 5: 104 (1899). 



The parasites of this order attack chiefly arthropods and fishes. They multiply 

 asexually and produce serious epizootics. The spores are very minute, and the details 

 of the processes by which they are formed are unknown. A polar capsule is present in 

 each spore (those of Telornyxa have two polar capsules). The polar capsules are not 

 visible in living material, but are revealed by treatment with alkali. 



In Kudo's monograph of this order ( 1924) , more than 150 species are treated. They 

 form four families. 



Family 1. Glugeida [Glugeidae] Gurley op. cit. 409. Glugeidees Thelohan op. cit. 

 174. Glugeidea Braun I.e. Family Nosematidae Labbe in Thierreich 5: 104 (1899). 

 Family Plistophoridae Doflein Protozoen 205 ( 1901 ) . Spores oval, ovoid, or pyriform. 

 Nosema Bombycis Nageli causes the pebrine disease of silkworms; another species of 

 Nosema causes an epizootic of honeybees. Gliigea attacks several species of fishes. 

 Gurleya, Thelohania, Duboscquia, Plistophora, etc. 



Family 2. Coccosporida [Coccosporidae] Kudo Handb. Protozool. 323 (1931). 

 Family Cocconemidae Leger and Hesse 1922, based on a generic name which is a 

 later homonym. Spores globular. Coccospora Slavinae (Leger and Hesse) Kudo, in 

 the oligochaet worm Slavina. 



Family 3. Mrazekiida [Mrazekiidae] Leger and Hesse 1922. Spores elongate, 

 exceedingly minute, resembling bacteria. Mrazekia, Octospora, Spironema, 

 Toxonema. 



Family 4. Telomyxida [Telomyxidae] Leger and Hesse 1910. Telornyxa glugei- 

 formis, in the fat body of the larva of Ephemera vulgata, producing ellipsoid spores 

 with a polar capsule at each end. 



