Phylum Ciliophora [ 235 



Family Urceolarina Perty (1852). Family Trichodinidae Glaus. Family Urceol- 

 aridae Kudo. Urceolaria, Trichodina, etc., disk- or barrel-shaped cells attached on 

 or in aquatic animals by means of a whorl of hard hooks. 



Class 2. TENTACULIFERA (Huxley) Kent 



Order lufusoires suceurs and group Acinetina Claparede and Lachmann Etudes 

 Inf. 1: 377,381 (1858). 



Class Acinetae Haeckel Gen. Morph. 2: Ixxix (1866), the mere plural of a generic 

 name. 



Tentaculifera Huxley Man. Anat. Invert. 100 (1877). 



Glass Tentaculifera with orders Suctoria and Acinetaria Kent Man. Inf. 1 : 36 

 (1880). 



Class Acinetaria and order Suctoria Lankester in Enc. Brit. ed. 9, 19: 865 ( 1885). 



Subclass Suctoria Butschli in Bronn Kl. u. Ord. Thierreichs 1: 1842 (1889). 



Class Acinetoidea Poche in Arch. Prot. 30: 263 (1913). 



Class Sudor ea Hall Protozoology 413 (1953). 



Organisms swimming by means of cilia while immature, at maturity lacking cilia 

 and usually attached, provided with tentacles by which they capture and paralyze 

 their prey and absorb food. Acineta is the type genus. 



These organisms are rather unfamiliar. They occur both in fresh water and in salt, 

 and prey chiefly upon Infusoria. There are differentiated macronuclei and micro- 

 nuclei; in branching or colonial individuals, a single macronucleus may extend to all 

 parts. Asexual reproduction is by budding, often endogenous. Conjugation occurs 

 either between attached individuals or between an attached individual and a swim- 

 ming bud. The fact that one individual may bend past another to conjugate with a 

 third indicates the presence of mating types. Conjugating individuals exhibit pregamic 

 and postgamic nuclear divisions quite as among Infusoria (Noble, 1932). The group 

 is undoubtedly derived from Infusoria; whether from something of the nature of 

 Didinium, Vorticella, or Spirochona remains uncertain. 



Collin (1912) accounted for about 170 species and recognized eight families. One 

 of these families has subsequently been transferred to order Holotricha. The re- 

 mainder may be construed as a single order: 



Order Suctoria Kent (1880). Lankester chose this as between two ordinal names 

 which Kent published at the same time. 



a. Individuals subglobular, usually stalked, their tentacles essentially uniform. 

 Family 1. Podophryina Butschli in Bronn Kl. u. Ord. Thierreichs 1 : 1926 (1889). 



Family Podophryidae, Rousseau and Schouteden 1907. Buds produced exogenously. 

 Podophrya, Sphaerophrya, naked; Urnula, loricate. 



Family 2. Acinetida [Acinetidae] Glaus 1874. Acinetina Claparede and Lach- 

 mann (1858). Family Acinetina Biitschli (1889). Bodies with a thin pellicle, with or 

 without loricae; budding endogenous. Acineta, Tokophrya, etc. 



Family 3. Discophryida [Discophryidae] Collin in Arch. Zool. Exp. Gen. 51: 364 

 (1912). Body with a firm pellicle, budding endogenous. Discophrya, etc. 



b. Individuals branching or colonial. 



Family 4. Dendrosomida [Dendrosomidae] Kent Man. Inf. 2: 215 (1882). Family 

 Dendrosomina BiitschU (1889). Family Dendrosomatidae Poche (1913). Dendro- 

 soma, etc. 



