PREFACE XI 



either pleasure or profit to themselves or to others. 



There are two ways of living: a man may be casual 

 and simply exist, or constructive and deliberately try 

 to do something with his life. The constructive 

 idea implies constructiveness not only about one's 

 own life, but about that of society, and the future 

 possibilities of humanity. 



In pre-human evolution, the blind chances of varia- 

 tion and the blind sifting of natural selection have di- 

 rected the course of evolution and of progress. It 

 is on survival and the production of offspring that 

 the process has hinged; the machinery is in reality 

 blind, but these emerge as its apparent ends or pur- 

 poses. The realisation of ever higher potentialities 

 of living substance has happened, but only as a sec- 

 ondary result and slow by-product of the main proc- 

 ess. 



In human evolution up till the present, the appar- 

 ent ends and aims have for the most part and in the 

 bulk of men remained the same; it is only the meth- 

 ods of pursuing them that have changed. True or 

 conscious purpose comes in and aids the unconscious 

 biological forces already at work. 



However, to most men at some time, and to some 

 men at most times, these purely biological ends and 

 purposes of life become altogether inadequate. They 

 perceive the door opened to a thousand possibilities 

 higher than this, all demanding to be satisfied. The 

 realization of what for want of a better term we can 



