SEX BIOLOGY AND SEX PSYCHOLOGY 155 



of sex, must put the organism at a disadvantage in 

 a world in which that portion of reality plays, as it 

 obviously does, an important role. 



The correct type of organization is one of the 

 type which has been developed over and over again 

 in the course of evolution, for different functions: it 

 is the hierarchical one, in which some parts are 

 dominant, others subordinate, the dominant parts 

 helpless without the subordinate, the subordinate 

 different, through the fact of their subordination, 

 from what they would otherwise have been, doing 

 most of the hard work, but under the guidance of 

 the dominant. Only in this way is a unitary organ- 

 ization arrived at in which there is the minimum of 

 waste, of antagonism between the parts. 



The psycho-analysts have, by analysing the 

 pathology of mind, shown us how waste of energy 

 may arise in particular cases, and so make it easier 

 for us to avoid it in general. 



One may recognize the merits of Freud as an in- 

 vestigator without accepting all or even the majority 

 of his conclusions. As the late W. H. Rivers pointed 

 out, Freud will always be remembered in the history 

 of psychology because he introduced new ideas and 

 new methods into the science. Previous workers 

 had discovered the realm of the subconscious; but 

 they had not discovered the real nature of its rela- 

 tion to the rest of the mental organization. Freud 

 pointed out that there was often a biological value 

 attached to the power of forgetting as well as to that 



