RELIGION AND SCIENCE 273 



activity or organ is arrived at; and the same process 

 that we saw at work in biological evolution — the 

 creation of ever more complex units — is thereby con- 

 tinued. 



Then we come to the fact that man displays dis- 

 harmonies of mental construction, together with an 

 innate hankering after harmony. The most obvious 

 disharmony is that between the instincts that are 

 self-regarding and those that are other-regarding — 

 between man's egotistic and his social tendencies. 



It appears that man became gregarious quite late 

 in evolutionary history. Through natural selection, 

 sufficient "herd-instinct" was developed to ensure 

 that men would on the whole stand by the tribe in 

 danger, that the tribe should become a real biological 

 unit. But it was impossible wholly to harmonize 

 these new social instincts, even in the simplest socie- 

 ties, with the old, deeper-rooted, individualist tend- 

 encies; and as life became more complex and choice 

 wider, conflict grew more and more frequent.^ 



Another obvious disharmony in modern civilized 

 communities is the fact that sexual maturity occurs 

 long before marriage is possible or desirable. 



In all this, there is inevitably a field for all the va- 

 rious combinations of suppression, or repression, or 

 sublimation. 



Man's gregariousness, together with his power of 

 speech, learning, and generalization, have led to the 

 development of a new thing in the world — persistent 



8 See Trotter, '19. 



