SUGGESTIONS FOR RACE IMPROVEMENT 367 



fourteen. In some European countries, children under eighteen 

 are not permitted to work at night or at hazardous trades. In 

 many of our states the minimal age for hazardous trades such as 

 quarrying and mining is sixteen. There is agitation in many 

 states to keep boys and girls in school until the age of seventeen. 

 They will then stand a better chance to enter industry with a 

 fairly good physical and mental equipment. 



Vocational guidance and training are invaluable in directing chil- 

 dren into vocations for which their intelligence seem to fit them. 

 When properly directed, people with superior intelligence should 

 be able to get established earlier than they usually do. Less gifted 

 children should be advised to do that type of work which they can 

 do rather successfully. This will give them a feeling of satisfac- 

 tion in their work, which will make for contentment and happiness. 

 When people are continually losing their jobs, due to their inability 

 to perform the tasks given, idle and vicious habits usually result. 

 Continuation and trade schools are invaluable aids in teaching chil- 

 dren trades. Such trained children, naturally, tend to be better 

 citizens and better tradespeople. Special classes have been de- 

 signed for children who are disinterested and unable to keep up 

 with the work of the regular classes. Another type of school called 

 the juvenile vocational school, designed to meet the needs of such 

 children, is now being established in certain sections of the country. 

 Not only will children who cannot get along well in the average 

 public school attend these schools, but those who, due to economic 

 pressure, must earn a living as soon as possible, will find a place to 

 learn a trade. 



(6) Only the mentally, physically, and morally fit immigrants 

 should be permitted to enter other countries. At present there 

 are immigration laws restricting certain undesirable persons. Im- 

 migrants are examined when they leave their own country, and 

 at Ellis Island before entering the United States. Care is taken 

 to exclude all those with objectionable hereditary traits or with 



