556 



INDEX 



Echinodermata, classified, 522 ; mean- 

 ing of, 522 



Echinoidea, 522 



Ectoderm, development of, 286 ; of 

 embryo, 286 ; systems formed from, 286 



Edentata, 526 ; ant eater, 512 



Education, and eugenics, 365 ; health an 

 objective of, 415-417 



Edwards, Jonathan, family of, 357 



Effector, response activity of, 209 



Egg cell, characteristics of, 268 



Eggs, differ from seeds, 281 ; of insects, 

 281 ; of birds, 281 ; production bv 

 frog, 284-285 



Ehrlich, portrait, 504 ; theory of im- 

 munity, 505-506 ; work of, 14 



Elasmobranchii, animals of Order, 524 



Elastic tissue, use of, 81 



Elodea, diagram of, 30 ; laboratory 

 study of cells of, 28-29 



Embryo, development of seed, 278-279 ; 

 protection of, in lower animals, 295- 

 296; 288-289; in insects, 297-298; 

 in mammals, 299-301 ; in man, 301 



Embryo sac, 274, 276, 277 



Embryological evidence, of evolution, 

 388-389 ; similarities in development of 

 emlir^os of \ertebrate animals. 388-389 



Emotions, dangers of violent, 167 



Enamel, of teeth, 107 



Encystment, of protozoans, meaning of, 

 253 ; wh\' formed, 253 



Endocrine glands, 191 



Endoderm, of embryo, 286 



End-organs, in skin, functions of, 173 



Endosperm, 278, 279 ; in grains, 279 ; 

 svstems formed from, in embrvo, 

 286 



Endotoxins, meaning of, 495 ; of tuber- 

 culosis, 442 ; of typhoid, 465^66 



Energy, human, measured by calorim- 

 eter, 189 ; kinetic in plant colls, 39 



Enterokinase, use in digestion, 133 



Environment, effect on ancestral traits, 

 313-315; influence on development of 

 animals, 308-310; influence on de- 

 velopment of plants, 308, 309 ; meth- 

 ods of improving, 364-367 ; versus 

 heredity, 369-370 



Evironments, effect of different, 308 



Enzymes, digestive action of, 128, 131 ; 

 function in plants, 71 ; in gastric juice, 

 128; in intestine, 132-133; in plant 

 cells, 38; in saliva, 121 ; of pancreatic 

 juice, 131 ; specific action of, 128-129, 

 131 



Epidermis, laboratory iirol;lems on 

 study of leaf, 30-31, 67; laboratory 

 problem on cross section of leaf, 67- 

 68 : outer layer of skin, 171, 172 



Epiglottis, use of, 122 



Epithelial cells, laboratory problem on 

 75 ; sluipe of, 75 



Epithelium, 75-77 



Erepsin, 132 



Esophagus, 122, 123 



Essay on Population, Malthus, 343 



Eugenics, 355-370 ; child labor laws and, 

 366-367 ; compulsory education and, 

 365 ; immigration and, 367-368 ; 

 laborer compensation laws and, 365 ; 

 movement foimded and named, 355 ; 

 need for understanding, 363 ; relation 

 of marriage to, 355-356 ; 363-364 ; 

 Second International Congress of, 355 ; 

 versus euthenics, 368 ; vocational 

 guidance and, 367 ; widows' pensions 

 and, 365-366 



Eugenics Laboratory, at Cold Spring 

 Harl)or, 356 ; symbols used in chart 

 making at, 356 ; work done by, 362- 

 363 



Eustachian tubes, 122 



Euthenics, consists of, 365-368 ; mean- 

 ing of, 355, 362 ; versus eugenics, 368 



Evans, on vitamin E, 103-104 



Evening primroses, de \'ries' experiments 

 with jnutants of, 337 



Evolution, organic, Aristotle's idea of, 371 ; 

 Darwin's natural selection theory of, 

 373-376 ; de Vries' mutation theory of, 

 376-377 ; embryological evidences of, 

 388-389 ; geographical evidences of, 

 385-386; history of, 371; geological 

 evidences of, 381-384 ; in plants, 389 ; 

 Lamark's use and disuse theory of, 

 371-373 ; meaning of, 371 ; morpho- 

 logical evidences of, 386, 387 ; vestigial 

 evidences, 387-388 



Evolutionists, beliefs of, 371 



Excretion, definition of, 170 ; hygiene of, 

 174-175, 176; importance of, 170; of 

 man, 170-176 ; process in a green cell, 

 40 



Excretory organs, 170-176 



Exotoxins, 495 ; in diphtheria, 451 ; in 

 scarlet fever, 458 ; in tetanus, 459 ; 

 in tuberculosis, 442 



Experimentation, modern methods of, 15 



Expiration, meaning of, 182 ; process of 

 in man, 182 



Fi, defined, 319 



F>, defined, 319 



Families, of inferior ability ; 358-362 ; 

 of superior ability, 356-358 



Fatigue, cause of, 232 ; effect of, on 

 individual, 232-233 ; how to over- 

 come, 233 ; test of muscles of frog for, 

 230 



Fats, laboratory problem of effect of 

 alkali on, 131-132 ; metabolism of, 190 



