INDEX 



517 



Burrowing, 368, 370 

 Butter, flavor of, 397 

 Butterflies, development of, 281 

 By-products of organisms, 201 



Cactus, desert vegetation, 359 ; spine- 

 less, 453 



Caffein in coffee and tea, 254 



Calcutta, Black Hole of, 155 



Calorie, 91 ; measure of daily require- 

 ments, 93, 100 



Calorimeter, respiration, 92 



Calosoma beetle, 422 



Calyx, 303 



Cambium, 145, 271, 347; in roots, 



44 

 Camouflage, 354 



Capillaries, 181, 185, 187, 188 



Carbohydrates, 51, 52, 54, 55, 90, 93, 

 97 (see also Food); digestion of, 81, 

 85,87, 112 



Carbon cycle, 57, 58 



Carbon dioxid, 57, 71, 143 ff. ; in food- 

 making, 53, 54 



Carbon monoxid, 158, 164 



Carroll, Dr. James, 407, 408 



Casein, 51 



Castle, W. E. 449 



Caucasian race, 488 



Cedar waxwing, 428 



Cells, 21 ; absorption by, 40; animal, 

 22; budding, 292 ; colonies of, 420 ; 

 differentiated, 431 ; differentiation 

 of, in development, 275; division 

 of, 76, 265, 274, 275, 291, 457, 45S; 

 egg, 299 ; exchange of material in 

 living, 174; fission (jv^ Cells, division 

 of) ; germ, 447 ; independent, 76, 

 430 ; nerve, 219, 267 ; nettling, 375 ; 

 oosphere, 458; origin of, 274, 457, 

 459; plant, 23; respiration in, 144; 

 sperm, 299, 459; structure of, 21 ; 

 in tissues, 477 ; walls of, 57, 345 



Cellulose, 40; digestion of, 112 



Central cylinder, 43 



Cerebellum, 497 



Cerebrum, 497, 498 ; localization of 

 functions in, 499 



Ceremony, 505 



Chameleon, 362 



Chances of death, 134, 507 



Change, chemical, 7 ; cyclic, 463 ; 

 physical, 7 ; universality of, 7, 463 



Chapin, Dr. Henry Dwight, 109 



Cheese, curd of, 51 ; curing of, 397 



Chemical changes, 7 ; in pigments of 



animals, 353 ; in soil, 66 

 Chemical composition, of air, 23 ; of 

 carbohydrates, 54 ; of fats, 55 ; of 

 food, 51; of human body, 16; 

 of plants, 21; of proteins, 55; of 

 soil, 30 

 Chemical cycle of life, 57 

 Chemical engine (chlorophyl), 54 

 Chemical fixation of nitrogen, 63 

 Chemical influence upon develop- 

 ment, 289 

 Chemical injury to nervous system, 



253 

 Chemical sense in lowest organisms, 



24, 224 



Chewing of food, 81, 115, 117, 1 19 



Chitin, 346 



Chloral hydrate, 257 



Chlorophyl, 54, 73, 75, 184 



Chloroplast, 54 



Chromatin, 457, 458 



Chromosomes, 457, 458 



Cilia, 295 



Circulation, of air, 157; of blood, 

 185 ff. ; closed and open, 185; de- 

 pressed, 118; double, 187; and 

 exercise, 116; in plants, 174 ff. 



Circulatory system, 262 ; hygiene of, 

 190 



Civilization, 435, 512; and infancy, 335 



Clam, breathing of, 145 



Classification, basis of, 475 ff. ; of 

 animals, 482; of organisms, 475; 

 of plants, 478 ; uses of, 475 



Cleanliness and health, 128 



Climbing plants, 48, 49 



Clothing and health, 152 



Clotting of blood, 181 



Coagulation of blood, 181 



Coal and forests, 380 



Coal seams and fossils, 464 • 



Cocain, 256 



Cochineal, 413 



Cockroaches, 414; extermination of, 

 416 



Codein, 257 



Codling moth, 419, 421 



Coelenterata, 432 



Coelenterates, 373, 482 



Coffee, 254 



Cold-blooded animals, 337 



Collaterals, 219 



Colloids, 78 , 



Colonial animals, 431, 432 



