518 



ELEMENTARY BIOLOGY 



Colors, changes in, 362 ; warning, 



355 (see also Pigments) 

 Committee of Five on alcohol, 258 

 Communicable diseases, transmission 



of, 387 

 Community, 435; life of, 514 

 Competition, 343, 344, 474- 

 Competitive relation, 342 

 Compound, chemical, 9 

 Concealment, 363 

 Conducting system of plant, 174 

 Conjugation, in Paramecium, 296, 



297 ; in Spirogyra, 296 

 Connective tissue, 267 

 Consciousness, 498 

 Conservation, of energy, 10 ; of food 



supplies, 112, 129-130; of forest, 



382 ; of manure, 60 ; of matter, 8 ; 



of resources, 4 ; of sewage, 60 ; of 



soil, 68, 380, 38 1 

 Constipation, 88, 118 

 Contraction, 24, 218, 360 

 Control, by means of knowledge, 505 ; 



of breathing, 149; of movements, 



217 ; measure of, 506 

 Cooking, 112, 431 ; waste involved, 



112 

 Cooperation, 434, 510 

 Cooper's hawk, 427 

 Coordination, 434 

 Cordata, 484 

 Corpuscles, 179; red, 183, 184, 262, 



294; white, 181, 182, 193 ff., 273 

 Correlation of functions, 262 

 Cortex, of brain, 220, 498 ; of root, 43 

 Cotyledon, 33 

 Crab, hermit, 363, 364 ; horseshoe, 



345 

 Crop of bird, 87 

 Crops, rotation of, 62, 423 

 Crow, 428 

 Crustacea, 346, 484 

 Crustacean, 289 

 Crystalloid, 78 

 Cuckoo, 342 

 Culex, 406 



Cup, public drinking, 394 

 Cutin, 345 



Cuts, treatment of, 191 

 Cuttings for propagation, 48, 269 

 Cuttlefish, 363 

 Cyclic changes, 463 

 Cyst, 295 

 , Cytoiysins. 196 

 Cytolysis test, 197 



Dairy and bacteria, 397 



Darwin, Charles, 273, 469, 472 



Death rates, in various countries, 

 507 ; from various diseases, 389 ; 

 of infants, reduction of, 393 ; 

 diphtheria, 194, 195; malaria, 409 ; 

 typhoid fever, 299, 392 ; yellow 

 fever, 409 



Decay of food, 80, 124 



Dehiscent fruit, 316, 317 



Dendrites, 220 



Descent of sap, 176 



Desert land, reclamation of, 68 



Desert plants, 359 



Development, 274, 476; and classi- 

 fication, 476; and metamorphosis, 

 283 ; conditions for, 285-289 ; of 

 plants, 284 ; stages in, 276 



De Vries, see Vries, Hugo de 



Diaphragm, 82, 149, 150, 153 



Diastase, 78 



Dicotyledons, 34, 481 



Diet, and age, 102 ; and appetite, 

 III; balanced, 102; and climate, 

 102; standard, 99; studies of, 89, 

 90, 510; and work, 100-102 



Dietaries, 90 



Differentiation, 182, 477 ; of cells, 



275' 431 



Diffusion, 40, 76, 78, S3, 85, 144, 147, 

 174, 179. See also Absorption 



Digestion, 78, 80, no, 111-112; and 

 alcohol, 135; in bacteria, 80; con- 

 trol of, 89, 116; exercise and, 116; 

 in gut, 84-86 ; hygiene of, 88 ; in 

 human body, 81 ; in mouth, 81 ; 

 organs of, 82, 83, 87 ; in stomach, 83 



Dimorphic flowers, 304 



Dioecious plants, 306 



Diphtheria, 386; antitoxin of, 195 



Disease, control of, 395, 398 ; and 

 heredity, 200 ; microbes as cause 

 of, 200; and parasites, 341 



Diseases, alcohol and infectious, 135 ; 

 of animals, 420; and insects, 410; 

 mortality rates (see Death rates) ; 

 specific, and bacteria, 386 ; trans- 

 mission of communicable, 387 



Division of labor, 262, 434, 477 



Dogs, licensing of, 395 



Dominance, law of, 444, 445, 450, 455 



Dominant characters, 445 ; in man, 



455 . 

 Drowning, 169 



Drowsiness, 118, 155 



