520 



ELEMENTARY BIOLOGY 



Feather, growth of, 349, 350 



Female, see Sex 



Fermentation, 133 



Ferments, 78-79, 80, 85 ; in blood, 

 188 



Fern, 322-323; infancy in, 331; 

 spores of, 294 



Fertilization, 299, 302, 303, 323, 327, 

 32S, 459 



Fertilizers for soil, 66, 429 



Festering of wound, 192 



Fever, see Diseases, Typhoid fever, 

 Yellow fever 



Fibers, plant, 44, 79, 176; nerve, 219, 

 498 



Fibrinogen, 181 



Fibrovascular bundles, 44, 70, 175 



Fighting, among ants, 373 ; against 

 fiies, 402; against insects, 422; 

 against mosquitoes, 408 ; among 

 organisms, 372, 374 



Fire, and air, 12; forest, 385; as 

 source of energy, 11; use of, 501 



First aid, in asphyxiation or drown- 

 ing, 169; in bleeding, 191-192 ; for 

 eye, 236 



Fish, 485; breathing in, 147; devel- 

 opment of, 282 ; digestive system 

 of, 87 ; hatching of, 333 ; infancy 

 and care of young, 334 ; migration 

 of, 367 ; reproduction in, 327 



Fisher, Professor Irving, food tables, 

 94, 96, 103 



Fission, see Cell, division of 



Fitness of organisms, 19, 39, 3ioff. 

 See also Adaptation 



Flatworms, 482 



Fleas and plague, 510 



Fleshy fruits, 317 



Flicker of light and eyestrain, 236 



Flies, breeding places, 400 ; elimina- 

 tion of, 402 ; house, and food, 399, 

 400 ; relation to intestinal disease, 



399 



Floods and forests, 379 



Floral envelope, 300 



Flour moth, 415, 416 



Flowering plants, 294, 481 



Flowers, 300, 478 ; adaptations of, 

 310 ff. ; dimorphic, 304 ; fertiliza- 

 tion in, 303; and insects, 310 ff. ; 

 polymorphic, 305 



Fly, Hessian, 419 



Food, 31, 50, 51 ; adulteration of, 123 ; 

 of birds, 425 ; care of, 388 ; choice 



of, 89, 98 ; composition of, 94, 95, 

 96,98; conservation of, 129; con- 

 tamination of, 124, 125; daily needs, 

 93, 100; decomposition of, 125; 

 and development, 288 ; digestibil- 

 ity of. III; distribution of, 130; 

 economics of, 112, 122-123, 129, 

 130 ; and flies, 401 ; fuel, 52 ; func- 

 tions of, 51 ; ideal, 102-103 ! insects 

 as, 412; kinds of, 51 ; minerals in, 

 108, 112; need for bulk in, 118; 

 plant, 3 1 , 50 ; for plant embryos, 33 1 ; 

 preservation of, 124, 125; propor- 

 tions of, needed, 70, 102-104; pro- 

 tection of, 124, 125-126; public 

 regulation of, 122, 125; relation of 

 light to making of, 39, 53 ff. ; in 

 seeds, 35, 46; summary of, 102, 1 16; 

 taste of, no; translocation of, 79 

 Food habits, 89, 114 ff. 

 Food-getting organs, 364, 375 

 Fruit, 303; dehiscent, 316; fleshy, 

 317; and seed, 302; seedless, 303 

 Fuel values, 91 

 Fumes and the lungs, 158 

 Function, biological idea of, 15-16 

 Fungi, 294, 341, 480; dangerous to 

 forest, 385 ; used in fighting insects, 

 423 



Gall, 86. See also Bile 



Galls, insect, 374-375 



Gametes, 297, 324, 332, 478 ; water 

 essential to, 328 



Gametophyte, 322, 323, 324 



Garbage, 3, 396, 399, 402 



Gas exchange, 73-74, 144, 145; in 

 blood, 1S8 ; in leaves, 74 



Gases, injurious, 158 



Gastric juice, 83-84, no 



Genealogical tree, of animal life, 483 ; 

 of plant life, 479 



Generations, alternation of, 320 ff. 



Geology and evolution, 464-466 



Geotropism, 37, 38, 241 



Germ carriers, 152 



Germ cells, 447 ; origin of, 456, 463 



Germ plasm, 459 



Germination, 36 



Gills in respiration, 146, 147, 183 



Gizzard of bird, 87 



Glands, 263; ductless, 188; of intes- 

 tines, 84, 86, 102 ; milk, 335; saliva, 

 81, 83; stimulation of, no; of 

 stomach, 83, 84 



