PROTOPLASMIC STRUCTURE 97 



tion with glass and quartz capillaries also found the 

 Perrin-Schulze valence rule to hold for alkali and alkali 

 earth salts, but heavy metals (Hg, Ag) were more 

 active than corresponded to their valence; organic 

 cations (morphine, neufuchsin) were also highly active. 

 Reversals with Th(N03)4 and methyl violet were 

 observed, but not with acids up to n/iooo; no higher 

 concentrations were used.^ 



^ A general review by T. B. Briggs in the Journal of Physical Chem- 

 istry for 191 7 (XXI, 198, and XXII, 256) gives a full review of the 

 subject of electrical endosmose. Recently its bearing on physiological 

 Dhenomena and its relation to cases of anomalous osmosis have been 

 considered in an important series of papers by J. Loeb (/. Gen. Physiol., 

 II [1920], p. 557, and later papers in the same journal). For the action 

 of ions see further, A. Gyemant, "Elektroendosmose und lonenadsorp- 

 tion," Kolloid-Z., XXVIII (1921), 103. 



