CONTENTS 



PAGE 



1 1 . On Types of Animal Structure ..... 34 



(a) The Unicellular types ; (b) The Sponge Type ; (c) The 

 Hydra Type ; (d) The Racemose Hydra Type ; (e) The 

 Polyzoan Type ; (/) The Colonial Types ; (g) The Echinoderm 

 Type ; (h) The Worm Type ; (i) The Molluscan Type ; {k) 

 The Arthropod Type ; (/) The Chordate Type ; (?n) Colonial 

 Types in General ; («) Motile, Sedentary and Sessile Types ; 

 (o) Shelled Types ; (p) Parasitic Types. 



12. On the Organs of the Animal Body . . . .43 



(a) The Apparatus of Movement ; (h) Organs of Nutrition ; 

 (c) Organs of Respiration ; (d) Organs of Circulation ; (e) 

 Glandular Organs ; (/) Organs of the Nervous System ; (g) 

 Sense Organs. 



13. On Organic Tissues ....... 48 



14. On Animal Structure in General ..... 50 



(a) Structure in Relation to Functioning ; (b) Unessential 

 Structure ; (c) Chemical and Morphological Structure ; (d) 

 Excess-value in Animal Structure. 



15. On Animal Structure and its Significance in General Biology 52 



(a) Structural Mechanism ; (b) Structure and Phylogeny. 



CHAPTER in. ORGANIC FUNCTIONING 

 /. A Preamble on Energy 



16. On Energy in General ....... 56 



17. On Material Things and Energies ..... 57 



18. On Radiation . . . . . . . -57 



(a) Fields of Force ; (6) Oscillators ; (c) Radiant Energy. 



19. On the Modes of Energy ...... 60 



(a) Bound Energy ; (6) Free, or Available Energy ; (c) Unavail- 

 able, or Dissipated Energy ; {d) Relativity of the Modes of 

 Energy. 



20. On the Forms of Energy which is Available ... 62 



(a) Energy-transformations ; (b) Transformers. 



21. On the Phases of Energy in the Available Forms . . 63 



(a) Potential Energy ; {b) Releasing Transformations. 



22. On the Laws of Energetics ...... 64 



(a) The Law of Physical Becoming ; (b) The Law of Conserva- 

 tion ; (c) The Entropy Law ; (d) Disappearance of Available 

 Energy in all Energy-transformations ; (e) Entropy ; (/) Dissi- 

 pated Energy ; (g) Irreversible Energy-transformations. 



//. The Animal Action- Systems 



23. On Pedal Locomotion and Associated Action-systems . 69 



{a) Parts and Actions associated with Pedal Organs. 



24. On Other Modes of Locomotion ..... 70 



{a) Saltatory Mechanism ; {b) Crawling Motion ; (c) Rocket 

 Propulsion ; {d) Ciliary Motion ; {e) Flagellate Motion. 



