CONTENTS xi 



PAGE 



25. On the Nature of Muscular Contraction ... 74 



(a) Structure of a Muscle ; (b) The Mechanism of a Muscle 

 Contraction ; (c) The Energ>--transformations in a Muscular 

 Contraction ; (d) Oxidation in the Muscle Fibre ; (e) The 

 Contractile Fibre not a Thermodynamic Mechanism ; (/) The 

 Motive Force of Muscular Contractions. 



///. The Organs of the Energizing System 



26. On the Material Sources of Energy ... -77 



(a) The Kinds of Material taken into the Body. 



27. On the Modes of Intake of Food Materials . . . 78 



(a) The Holophytic Mode ; (6) The Holozoic Mode ; (c) The 

 Saprozoic and Saprophytic Modes ; {d) The Ambiguous Modes ; 

 (e) The Bacterial Modes. 



28. On the Preliminary Transformations of the Intaken Materials 80 



{a) Photosynthesis ; {b) Digestion in Animals ; {c) Enzymes. 



29. On the Absorption and Circulation of the Elaborated Food 



Materials ........ 83 



{a) Circulation of these Alaterials. 



30. On the Organs of Respiration ..... 84 



31. On Assimilation ........ 85 



{a) Chemical Assimilation ; (6) Structural Assimilation. 



32. On the Organs of Excretion . . . . . .87 



(fl) Origins of the Excreted Substances ; {b) Excretory Paths ; 

 (c) Nitrogenous Residues. 



33. On Organs of Special Metabolism ..... 88 



{a) Changes of Functioning. 



34. On Co-ordination and Regulations of Functioning . . 90 



{a) Integration of Functioning ; (6) Regulatory Mechanisms ; 

 (c) Chemical Regulations. 



IV. The Energetics of Organistns 



35 • 



On Typical Plant Metabolism ..... 92 



(a) Anabolic and Katabolic Processes ; (b) The Improbability 

 of Coupled Energy-transformations. 



36. On Typical Animal Metabolism ..... 94 



(a) Anabolic Processes in Animals ; (b) The Effects of Be- 

 haviour ; (c) The Animal Engine ; (d) The role of Bacteria. 



37. On the Interdependence of Plant, Animal and Bacterial 



Organisms ........ 96 



(a) Producers and Consumers ; (b) Bacterial-plant-animal in 

 Analogy with Carnot Cycle. 



38. On the Laws of Conser\'ation and Dissipation in Organisms 97 



(a) Food Values ; (b) The Input and Output of Energy ; (c) 

 Qualifications of the above Results ; (d) The Law of Dissipa- 

 tion ; (e) Modes, Forms and Phases of Energ\\ 



