THE CONTROL OF LIFE 93 



Another ductless gland which has a 

 marked influence on development is the 

 hypophysis, or pituitary gland, situated 

 in the brain. If its activity is less than 

 normal in childhood the body becomes 

 abnormally fat; if its activity is above 

 normal the body becomes abnormally 

 tall and slender and under some con- 

 ditions there is abnormal enlargement of 

 the hands and feet and alteration of the 

 face by thickening the skin and connect- 

 ive tissue. This may be accompanied 

 by a lessened mental activity. The re- 

 moval of the hypophysis from a young 

 animal profoundly affects the develop- 

 ment. The animal grows but little, and 

 development comes nearly to a standstill, 

 but it continues to live in this condition. 



The experiments of Steinach on young 

 rats show the effect of glands in the most 

 striking manner. He succeeded in trans- 

 planting testes from the male into the 

 female and ovaries from the female into 

 the male. This exchange of organs pro- 

 duced remarkable results. The males 



