204 



INDEX 



Differences in character, 16 



Differences in generic rank, T.C. ix, 

 110 



Differentiation, 6, 17, 39, 46, 50, 88, 

 96, 112, 181, 186, 187, and chap. 

 VIII, 65 ; author's pubhcation of, 

 68; course of evolution under, 

 68, 69; diagram of process, 69, 

 70, 111; direction the oppo- 

 site to selection, 68; generic 

 rank under, T.C. ix, 110; 

 growth of family under, 71 ; 

 Guppy's publication of, 66; 

 Hooker on, 74; in Ranuncula- 

 ceae, 81; in Silenoideae, 86; of 

 climate, 59; survival of parent 

 under, 66; and see Test Cases, 

 chaps, x-xiii 



Dilleniaceae, distribution, 44, 45 



Dipterocarpaceae, 125 



Discontinuity in evolution, 8, 169 



Dispersal mechanisms, 123 



Distribution, 21 ; and age, 29, and 

 cf. Age and Area; barriers to, 

 59, 153; discontinuity, 5; not 

 determined by selection, 39 



Divergence of character, 74, 119,138, 

 180 



Divergence of variation, 16, 82, 85, 

 112, 137, chap, ix, 74 ; increasing 

 upwards, 76, 113; more or less 

 equal at corresponding levels in 

 large, medium, and small fami- 

 lies, 112 



Droseraceae, 126 



Dry and wet zones, 59 



Early stages of characters, T.C. xi, 

 115 



Ecology, 9 



Economic botany, 8, 89, 169, 177 



Endemics, as young beginners. 30, 

 154, 160; in large genera, 26; in 

 North America, 30; local adap- 

 tation, 30, 147 ; may prove very 

 useful, 89; not usually mori- 

 bund, 28; of Balkans, 63; of 

 Ceylon mountains, 26, 61 ; of 

 New Zealand, 29 ; often Linnean 

 species, 49; relics, 30 



Endemism, 24, 26, 27, 30; on 

 mountains, 26, 61 



Englishman, acclimatisation of, 105 



Eriocaulaceae, 49, 139 



Eugenia, 26 



Euphorbia, distribution, 155 

 Evolution, 3, 21, 22, 41, 46, 50, 51, 

 65, 66-9, 89, 95, 100, 117, 175, 

 187, etc. ; at right angles to 

 natural selection, 117, 175, 187; 

 backwards, 22, 32, 65, 66, 68, 

 88, 98, 175; course under Dif- 

 ferentiation, 68, 69; de luxe, 21; 

 direction of movement, 67, 182 ; 

 downwards, 46, 65 ; in structural 

 characters, 4; mechanism of, 41, 

 89; must go on, 21 ; no longer a 

 direct expression of improving 

 adaptation, 95 ; not a matter of 

 chance, 187; nothing to do with 

 adaptation, 41 ; on mathemati- 

 cal lines, 50, 175, 178; plan, 51 ; 

 statistics, 50, 100; survival of 

 parent, 66; two theories dia- 

 metrically opposed, 89 ; and see 

 Test Cases, chaps, x-xiii 

 Extermination under natural selec- 

 tion, 69, 155; of parent, 4, 13, 46, 

 167, 173 



Families, ditype, 78; monotype, 79 

 Family characters, 16, 106, 108, 143, 



180 

 Follicles, T.C. xv, 124 

 Fossils, 12, 72 

 Frequency distribution, 10 

 Fungi, 21, 158 



Gaps between larger genera in a 



family, 97 

 Gene change with separation, 62 

 Genera, relative sizes, T.C. iii, 95 

 Generic adaptation, 18, 59, 107, 126, 



141 

 Geographical distribution, 9, 24, 26, 

 39, Test Cases, 142; based on 

 adaptation by selection, 56, 68, 

 142 

 Geographical localisation of struc- 

 tural features, 123 

 Geological catastrophes, 73 

 Guppy, H. B., 16, 39, 66, 68, 74, 89, 

 132, 174, 175, 186 



Halving of species in a family, T.C. 



VIII, 101 

 Harland, S. C, 62 

 Hedyotis, 26 

 Hollow curve, chap, iv, 33; T.C. v, 



99; 164, 173 



