206 



INDEX 



Range large, structural difference 



sometimes small, 44 

 Rank and Range, 100 

 Ranunculaceae, analysis of, 81, 135 

 Ranunculus^ 50, 70, 135, 150, 151, 



and fig. 9 

 Regression, 10 

 Relative rank of genus and species, 



68, 113; sizes of genera, T.C. 



Ill, 95; value of characters, 119 

 Relics, 4, 17, 26, 30, 31, 61, 79, 81, 



91, 93, 95, 113, 128, 132, 147, 



160, 173 

 Restionaceae, 49, 139 

 Rhipsalis (endemic), 62 

 Ritigala, 24 

 Rubiaceae, unusual characters, 118, 



178 



St Hilaire, G., 65 



Sedum, 54 



Senecio, 126 



Silene, 86 



Silenoideae, 86, 136 



Single steps to genus or species, 59, 

 117, 172, 187 



Siparuna, 33, fig. 1, 34, 63 



Size and Space, T.C. vi, 100 



SmaU, J., 72 



SmaD genera, failures (by natural se- 

 lection), 93 ; proportion in famil- 

 ies, T.C. IV, 97; satellites round 

 large, 81, 128, T.C. xviii, 128 



Social legislation, 110 



Solanum, 138 



Special creation, 2, 164 



Species assumed to fight as units, 

 107, 142, 144, 166, 179; formed 

 at one step, 20 



Specific characters, 11, 109, 180 



Staminal characters, T.C. xiii, 120 



Statistics of continents, etc., very 

 uniform, 172 



Sterility line, 12, 46, 143, 174, 189 



Stewart, C. Balfour, 47, 182 



Stratiotes, 64, 111 



Strobilanthes, 26 



Structural characters, 4, 8, 15, 44, 

 52, 103; no necessary adapta- 

 tional value, 109, 115; nothing 

 to do with Ufe, 54 



Structural considerations override 

 adaptational, 110, 115, 120, 

 121, 129; difficulties for natural 

 selection, 127 



Struggle for existence, 1, 3, 5, 22, 39, 



49, 54, 106, 110 

 Styracaceae, 108, 161 

 Successful species, 24; genera and 



species, 132 

 Super-plants 90 



Surname distribution, 35, 39, 40, 99 

 Survival of the fittest, 165 



Taxonomic axioms, 132; resem- 

 blances of geographically widely 

 separated plants, T.C. xxviii, 

 154; tests, 132 



Tendencies, 120, 124, 138 



Test Cases between the rival theories 

 (reviewed on p. 182): 



I. Increase in Number with Evo- 

 lution, 90 



II. Size of the Largest Genus in a 

 Family, 94 



III. Relative Sizes of Genera, 95 



IV. Proportions of Small Genera 

 in Families, 97 



V. The HoUow Curve, 99 



VI. Size and Space, 100 



VII. Some Statistics of Evolution 

 and Distribution, 100 



VIII. The Halving of the Species 

 in a Family, 101 



IX. Differences in Generic Rank,l 10 



X. ThePerfectionofCharacters,114 



XI. The Early Stages of Cha- 

 racters, 115 



XII. Alternate or Opposite 

 Leaves, 118 



XIII. Staminal Characters, 120 



XIV. The Berrv Fruit, 122 



XV. Achenes and Follicles, 124 



XVI. The Origin of Large Genera, 

 126 



XVII. Some ^Morphological 

 Puzzles, 126 



XVIII. The SmaU Genera, 128 



XIX. Correlated Characters, 129 



XX. The Position of the Largest 

 Genera in a Family, 134 



XXI. The Position of the Large 

 Families, 136 



XXII. Divergence of Variation. 

 Systematic Keys, 137 



XXIII. Divergence from usual 

 Family Characters, 138 



XXIV. Parallel Variation, 138 



XXV. Greater Localisation of 

 Higher Types, 140 



