xii CONTENTS 



III. Original Biota of the Americas North of the Amazon 55 



A. Introduction. V. E. Shelford, University of Illinois 57 



B. Descriptive List of North American Biota. V. E. Shelford, Uni- 



versity of Illinois, L. Jones, Oberlin College, and L. R. Dice, Uni- 

 versity of Michigan 60 



C. Life Zones. V. E. Shelford, University of Illinois, and G. T. Jones, 



Oberlin College 76 



D. Descriptive list of Middle American Biota. Forrest Shreve, Desert 



Laboratory, and V. E. Shelford, University of Illinois 77 



E. Provisional Table of Landscape Aspect and Life Zone Equivalents. 



E. A. Goldman, United States Biological Survey 80 



F. Bibliography. V. E. Shelford, University of Illinois 81 



IV. Natural Areas and Regions 83 



A. General Plan. V. E. Shelford, University of Illinois 85 



B. Natural Regions and Natural Areas 87 



Section 1. Northern North America: Ice Covered Areas, Tundra and 



Northern Coniferous Forest 87 



1. Northwest Greenland. W. Elmer Ekblaw, Clark University. 87 



2. Danish Greenland. W. Elmer Ekblaw, Clark University 90 



3. The American Arctic Archipelago. W, Elmer Ekblaw, Clark 



University 98 



4. Ungava and Labrador. W. Elmer Ekblaw, Clark University. . 102 



5. Newfoundland. W. Elmer Ekblaw Ill 



6. The Mackenzie Watershed; Northern Hudson Bay Region, 



Upper Yukon Region, and the Arctic Islands. E. A. Preble, 



U. S. Biological Survey 115 



7. Alaska. W. H. Osgood, Field Museum 141 



8. The National Forests of the Alaskan District. John D. 



Guthrie, United States Forest Service 147 



Section 2. Southern Canada and the United States 150 



A. States, Provinces and Forest Districts, Chiefly Coniferous Forest. . . . 150 



1. British Columbia. John Davidson, University of British 



Columbia, P. Z. Caverhill, Provincial Forest Branch, 

 Edward A. Preble, United States Biological Survey, and 

 A. H. Hutchinson, University of British Columbia 150 



2. Washington. G. B. Rigg, University of Washington, L. R. Dice, 



Helen T. Gaige, University of Michigan and Horace Gun- 

 thorp, University of Washington 168 



3. Oregon. Thornton T. Munger, United States Forest Service, 



William E. Lawrence, Oregon Agricultural College, and 

 Howard M. Wight, Oregon Agricultural College 181 



4. California. H. C. Bryant, University of California 193 



5. National Forests of the North Pacific District (6). J. V. Hof- 



mann, Pennsylvania Forest School 202 



6. National Forests of the Northern District (1). J. A. Larsen, 



Iowa State College 208 



7. National Forests of California. Vegetational Types. E. N. 



MuNNS, United States Forest Service 216 



8. National Forests of the Intermountain District (4). F. S. 



Baker and S. B. Locke, United States Forest Service 224 



9. National Forests of the Southwestern District (3). G. A. 



Pearson, United States Forest Service 232 



10. National Forests of the Rocky Mountain District (2). C. G. 



Bates, United States Forest Service 237 



