NATURAL AREAS AND REGIONS 



709 



IV. BIBLIOGRAPHY 



Baker, H. Burrington. 1924. Occ. Pa- 

 pers Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., No. 

 152. Land and Freshwater Mol- 

 luscs of the Dutch Leeward Islands. 

 Notes on topography and climate, 

 with brief descriptions of most por- 

 tions of the limestone rims of all of 

 the islands. Small maps and photo- 

 graphs. 



Bcldingh, I. 1914. The Flora of 

 Curagao, Aruba and Bonaire. Lei- 

 den. Detailed account, with notes 

 on formations, regions, and topog- 

 raphy. Bibliography. 



Lorie, J. 1887-9. Samml. Geol. Reichs- 



mus. Leiden, 2 se., Bd. I., pp. 111- 

 149. Geology. 



Martin, K. 1887-8. Bericht ubor eine 

 Reise nach Niederlandisch West In- 

 dien;vols. I and II. Leiden. Very 

 detailed account, copiously illus- 

 trated, of topograph}', geology and 

 history. Geological maps, rather 

 indefinite. 



Ruthven, A. G. 1923. Occ. Papers 

 Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., no. 143. 

 Reptiles of the Dutch Leeward 

 Islands. 



N.B.: Large scale, accurate, contour- 

 maps of Curasao, Aruba, and Bonaire 

 and Klein-Bonaire can be obtained from 

 Government Secretaries, Willemstad, 

 Curagao. 



D. Pacific Islands 



1. GALAPAGOS ISLANDS 



They consist of 5 larger and 10 smaller 

 islands about 600 mi. west of the coast of 

 Ecuador. The largest island has an 

 area of 1560 sq. mi., and an extreme 

 elevation of 5000 ft. The area of the 

 entire group is 2870 sq. mi. 



As a rule the shore and lower eleva- 

 tions are parched and rocky presenting 

 only a few thickets of Peruvian cactus 

 and stunted shrubs, up to an elevation 

 of 800 ft. Above this height and occa- 

 sionally coming down to the shore, are 

 trees with deep green bushes covered 

 with orchids and trailing moss. The 

 shores of the larger island are fringed 

 in some parts with a dense growth of 

 mangrove. 



There were probably 15 species of 

 giant land tortoise at the time of the 

 discovery of the island. Seven of these 

 are known to science and each is confined 

 to its particular island. A peculiar 

 genus of lizard has one shore species and 

 one distinctly land species (extracted 

 from Encyclopaedia Briiannica). 



BEFERENCES 



Dall, W. H. 1896. Insular Landshell 

 Faunas, especially as illustrated by 

 the data obtained by Dr. G. Baur in 

 the Galapagos Islands. Proc. Phil. 

 Acad. Nat. Sci., 1896, pp. 395-459. 



Beebe, William. 1924. Galapagos: 



World's End. G. P. Putnam's Sons. 



2. PHILIPPINE ISLANDS 



MOUNT MAKILING AS A STATION 

 FOR BIOLOGICAL STUDY 



By F. T. McLean 



One of the most accessible areas of 

 natural tropical forest near Manila is 

 about 40 mi. (70 km.) southeast, on the 

 slopes of Mount Makiling, an extinct 

 volcanic cone about 3500 ft. (1143 

 meters) high and 2\ mi. from the town of 

 Los Bafios. This mountain, covering an 

 area of 10,000 acres, and its immediate 

 surroundings provide examples of nearly 

 all of the principal types of natural 

 habitats common in the Philippine 

 Islands; Los Bailos borders on Lake Bay, 

 the largest body of fresh water in the 

 archipelago, and near the town may be 

 found shallow lake and shore vegetation, 

 fresh water swamps, and both hot and 

 cool saline bogs surrounding the mineral 

 springs, which give to the town its 

 Spanish name of "The Baths." Be- 

 tween the lake and the mountain are 

 some cultivated and some abandoned 

 fields in almost all stages of reforesta- 

 tion — first the mixed growth of weeds, 

 then rank growths of tall grasses, con- 

 stituting the "Congonales," and scrul:) 

 growths of short-lived trees. On the 

 lower slopes of the mountains, and to the 

 east extending out onto comparatively 

 flat lands, are areas of High Forest 



