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NATURALIST'S GUIDE TO THE AMERICAS 



aska), Gairdner's woodpecker (British 

 Columbia and south), Valdez downy 

 woodpecker (British Columbia and 

 north), red-breasted woodpecker (Cali- 

 fornia), northern red-breasted sapsucker 

 (California and north), western pileated 

 woodpecker, California woodpecker 

 (Oregon and south), northwestern flicker, 

 Pacific nighthawk, black swift, Vaux's 

 swift, white-throated swift, rufous hum- 

 mingbird, Allen's hummingbird, olive- 

 sided flycatcher, western flycatcher, 

 Traill's flycatcher, Hammond's fly- 

 catcher, Steller's jay (Washington and 

 north), coast jay (Oregon and south), 

 California jay (south), Oregon jay, 

 western crow (Washington and south), 

 northwestern crow (Washington and 

 north), Bullock's oriole, Brewer's black- 

 bird, western evening grosbeak, Kadiak 

 pine grosbeak, California purple finch, 

 crossbill, pine siskin, Oregon vesper 

 sparrow, Nuttall's sparrow (British 

 Columbia and north), golden-crowned 

 sparrow (British Columbia and north), 

 western chipping sparrow, Oregon junco, 

 Point Pinos junco (Monterey district), 

 rusty song sparrow (Washington and 

 north), sooty song sparrow (Alaska 

 coast), San Diego song sparrow (Mon- 

 terey region), mendocino song sparrow 

 (Oregon to San Francisco), Forbush's 

 sparrow (Alaska coast), sooty fox spar- 

 row (British Columbia and Washington), 

 Kadiak fox sparrow (Cross Sound and 

 north), Townsend's fox sparrow (Cross 

 Sound and south), Oregon towhee 

 (British Columbia, Washington, Oregon), 

 San Francisco towhee (California), black 

 headed grosbeak, western martin, cliff 

 swallow, barn swallow, western warbling 

 vireo, Cassin's vireo, Anthony's vireo, 

 Calaveras warbler, lutescent warbler, 

 Alaska yellow warbler (Vancouver 

 Islands and north), California yellow 

 warbler (Washington and south), Audu- 

 bon's warbler, Townsend's warbler 

 (northerly), hermit warbler (southerly), 

 Macgillivray's warbler, golden pileo- 

 lated warbler, rock wren (Oregon to 

 Vancouver Islands), western house wren, 

 western winter wren, California creeper, 

 slender-billed nuthatch, red-breasted 



nuthatch, Oregon chickadee, chestnut- 

 backed chickadee (Sonoma County, 

 California and north), California chicka- 

 dee (Sonoma and Marin Counties), 

 Barlow's chickadee (Monterey region), 

 bush-tit, coast wren-tit (Oregon to 

 Humboldt Bay, California), ruddy wren- 

 tit (Humboldt County and south), 

 western golden-crowned kinglet, sitka 

 kinglet (British Columbia and north), 

 Townsend's solitaire, russet-backed 

 thrush, Alaska hermit thrush, dwarf 

 hermit thrush, Monterey hermit thrush, 

 western robin, varied thrush, northern 

 varied thrush, western bluebird, moun- 

 tain bluebird. 



Breeding birds whose habitat is 

 generally limited to the preforest or 

 other early stages of succession include 

 the following: western meadowlark, wil- 

 low goldfinch, and western tree sparrow 

 (north). 



Breeding birds preferring a moist 

 habitat, generally near a stream or 

 swamp, include the following: north- 

 western red-wing, bicolored red-wing, 

 tree swallow, northern violet-green 

 swallow, bank swallow, rough-winged 

 swallow, and Pacific yellow-throat 

 (British Columbia and south). 



Breeding birds whose habitat is 

 limited to the presence of water, gener- 

 ally local condition, include the fol- 

 lowing : northwestern coast heron (Wash- 

 ington and north), California heron 

 (Washington and south), spotted sand- 

 piper, bald eagle, northern bald eagle 

 (north), osprey, northern belted king- 

 fisher, northern raven, and dipper. 



4. XEROPHYTIC CONIFEROUS FOREST 

 BIOTA (not indicated ON THE MAP) 

 (western XEROPHYTIC EVERGREEN 

 FOREST, SHREVE) (tHE WOODLAND 

 CLIMAX : PINE JUNIPER FORMATION, CLE- 

 MENTS) (INCLUDES PINYON CEDAR wood- 

 land; OAK-CEDAR WOODLAND; PINE- 

 OAK WOODLAND IN PART, CLEMENTS) 



This type lies between the northern 

 coniferous forest and the desert and 

 semi-desert areas in the United States 

 and northern Mexico. It does not 

 cover an extensive area. 



