NATURAL AREAS AND REGIONS 



117 



balsam poplars (Populus Iremuloides 

 and P. balsamifera), Banksian pine 

 (Pinus divaricata) (replaced in British 

 Columbia and Yukon by lodge-pole 

 pine (Pinus contorta)), and balsam fir 

 (Abies balsamea), which are common in 

 the southern part of the belt, and which 

 terminate, counting from the north, 

 in about the order given. With these 

 are associated, generally in the form of 

 undergrowth, a variety of shrubs, some 

 of which, also, have a continuous dis- 

 tribution through the forest zone, while 

 others are more or less restricted in 

 range. Some of the more conspicuous 

 of these are the following: creeping 

 juniper (Juniperus sabina), low juniper 

 (/. nana), a large variety of willows 

 (Salix), one (S. behbiana) attaining the 

 dignity of a tree, but most being creeping 

 shrubs or low bushes, sweet gale (Myrica 

 gale), two hazels (Corylus amcricana 

 and C. rostrata) (southerly), dwarf 

 birches (Betula glandulosa and B. nana), 

 alders (Alnus), several currants and 

 gooseberies [Ribes), red raspherry (Rubus 

 strigosus), shrubby cinquefoil (Dasi- 

 phora fruticosa), wild rose (Rosa acicu- 

 laris), service berry {Amelanchier alni- 

 j'olia), cherries {Primus pennsylvanica 

 and P. virginiana) crowberry (Empet- 

 rum nigrum), silverberry (Elaeagnus 

 argentea) buffalo berry (Lepargyrea 

 canadensis) , dwarf cornel (Cornus cana- 

 densis), red-osier cornel {Cornus stolo- 

 nifera), Labrador tea {Ledum groenlandi- 

 cum), swamp laurel (Kalmia glauca), 

 wild rosemary {Andromeda polifolia), 

 leatherleaf {Chamaedaphne calyculata), 

 red bearberry {Arciostaphylos uvaursi), 

 mountain cranberry {Vitisidaea vilisi- 

 daea), small cranberry {Oxycoccus oxy- 

 coccus), bog blueberry {Vaccinium uligi- 

 nosum), cranberry tree {Vivurnum 

 americanum) (southerly), few-flowered 

 viburnum {V. paucijlorum) , and 

 snowberry {Symphoricarpos racemosus) 

 (southerly). With these are associated 

 a great variety of herbaceous plants, 

 many of which bear flowers of great 

 beauty, a number of ferns, and a great 

 variety of mosses and lichens. 

 The more common and characteristic 



mammals of the great forest include 

 the following:' 



Eastern moose {Alces amcricanus) 

 Eastern woodland caribou (Rangifer 



caribou) 

 Wood bison {Bison bison athaliascac) 

 Canadian woodchuck uMarmolu monax 



canadensis) 

 Liard River chipmunk (Eulajnias 



borealis) 

 Hudson Bay red squirrel {Sciurus hud- 



sonicus) 

 Hudson Bay flying squirrel {Glaucomjjs 



sabrinus) 

 Arctic white-footed mouse {Peromyscus 



m. borealis) 

 Mackenzie phenacomys {Phenacomys 



mackenzii) 

 Athabaska red-backed mouse (Evoiomys 



gapperi alhabascae) 

 Northern lemming vole (Synaptomys 



borealis) 

 Drummond vole (Mirrolus drummondi) 

 Chestnut-cheeked vole {Microlus xan- 



lhognath%is) 

 Northwest muskrat {Fiber zibelhicus 



spatulatus) 

 Canadian beaver (Castor canadensis) 

 Hudson Bay jumping mouse {Zapus 



hudsonius) 

 Canada porcupine (Erethizon dorsatum) 

 Hudson Bay snowshoe hare {Lepus 



amcricanus) 

 Canada lynx {Lynx canadensis) 

 Gray wolf (Canis occidentalis) 

 British Columbia red fox (Vtilpes 



alascensis abietorum) 

 Black bear {Ursus amcricanus) 

 Canadian otter (Lulra canadensis) 

 Western mink {Lutreola vison energu- 



menos) 

 Richardson weasel (Mustela cicognanii 



richardsoni) 

 Least weasel {Mustela rixosa) 

 Alaska marten (Maries americana ar- 



luosa) 

 Fisher (Martcs pennantii) 

 Hudson Bay wolverene (Gulo lusvus) 

 Common eastern shrew {Sorcx pcr- 



sonatus) 

 Richardson shrew (Sorex richardsoni) 

 Marsh shrew (Nco^orcx palus(ris) 

 .\laska microsores (Microsorex cximius) 

 Little brown bat (Myoiis lucifugus) 

 Hoary bat (Nyctci-is cincrcus) 



Among birds the following may be 

 noted: 



Horned grebe 

 Loon 



1 These lists do not include certnin West Coast 

 and Rocky .\rount:iin species occurrinR in Britiah 

 rolunihiajuul Yukon, iind which are listed under 



those subdivisions. 



