NATURAL AREAS AND REGIONS 



193 



S.'phagnum bog and typical sub-climax 

 forest. In Lincoln County south of 

 Yaquina Bay and about one-half mi. 

 from the ocean; typical sphagnum bog 

 and lodgepole pine forest with salal, 

 huckleberries and rhododendron, shows 

 succession from water level to sub- 

 climax forest. 



Take ferry from Newport to South 

 Beach, walk down railroad for about 

 one mi. — IF. E. L. 



Sand dunes. The sand dunes of Coos 

 County are the most extensive. See 

 "The sand dunes of Coos Bay, Oregon" 

 by H. D. House, Plant World, 17: 238- 

 243, August, 1914.— IF. E. L. 



State game and bird refuges in Oregon 

 (T. T. M.) 



Multnomah County Pheasant Reserva- 

 tion of 80,640 acres in Multnomah and 

 Clackamas counties. 



Deschutes Game Reservation of 829,440 

 acres in Crook and Lake counties. 



Steens Mt. Gaine Reservation of 414,720 

 acres in Harney County. 



Sturgeon Lakes Game Reservation of 

 22,000 acres in Multnomah and Colum- 

 bia Counties. 



Grass Mt. Reservation of 34,560 acres 

 in Lane CountJ^ 



Umatilla Bird Reservation of 500 acres 

 in Umatilla County. 



Antelope reserve 



(From information furnished by Mr. 

 George Orr, Jordan Valley, Ore.) 



"The estimated number of antelope 

 in this locality, at present, is about 300." 

 The land is owned by the United States 

 government. "The sheep are crowding 

 out the antelope very fast. It is also 

 reported that there is a band of about 30 

 bighorn sheep in this locality." 



Note: This is in a section little fre- 

 quented by man. The traveler almost 

 never goes in this section. The automo- 

 bile is the best method of travel on 

 account of the great distance. Gasoline 

 and other supplies should be procured 

 at Jordan Valley. 



"Southeastern end of Malheur County, 

 Ore., south of Jordan "^^alley. Ore." — 

 ir. E. L. 



Antelope reserve no. 2 



"Northeast of Jordan Valley, Ore., 

 near the Cow Lakes." This is about 

 15 mi. from Jordan Valley. The land 

 and antelope are "owned by Sam Scott, 

 postmaster at Jordan Valley, Ore." 

 I believe Mr. Orr said this man was 

 doing all he could to preserve this band 

 of antelope. — W. E. L. 



4. CALIFORNIA 



By H. C. Bryant 



I. general features and oriqinal 



BIOTA 



Physiographic regions 



California is a state of unusual clima- 

 tic and topographic diversity. The 

 northern two-thirds of the state is 

 characterized by mountains on the 

 coast and mountains near the eastern 

 border. These come together in the 

 extreme northern part of the state 

 and again in the southern third of the 

 state enclosing a great central valley 

 which opens to the west centrally 

 through San Francisco Bay to the 

 Pacific Ocean. Southeast of this wall 

 lie the Mohave and Colorado deserts 

 and those arid portions which require 

 the use of such guides to watering places 

 as have been published by the Depart- 

 ment of Interior. The west coast of 

 the southern third of the state is a plain 

 with low hills; this leads back to a series 

 of mountain ranges some 50 mi. east of 

 the coast. The paths across these 

 mountains lie to the east of Los Angeles. 



II. GEOGRAPHIC A.VD LOCAL PLANT AND 



ANIMAL COMMUNITIES 



1. Vegetation 



The vegetation is very diversified. 

 The moist Pacific Coast coniferous 

 forest which is a luxuriant growth of 

 conifers with deciduous trees beneath 

 extends southward to a short distance 

 south of San Francisco along the western 

 portion of the Coast Range. The 

 Great Central Valley (Sacramento-San 

 Joaquin) was originally grass land, 

 probably similar to the Russian steppes. 

 The southern coastal plain is charac- 

 terized by a type of vegetation similar 

 to that in the region of the Mediter- 

 ranean, which is called broad-leafed 

 Schlerophyll forest. In central Califor- 

 nia the foothill country appears to have 

 been a scattered tree savanna, the trees 

 being live oaks. In the higher portions 

 the evergreen oaks and associated 



