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NATURALIST'S GUIDE TO THE AMERICAS 



nearly SOOO sq. mi. It has recently l)een 

 much mentioned :is a possible game 

 preserve, especially for antelopes. Ore- 

 gon Short Line to Nampa, a spur to 

 Silver City, then by wagon road to Rid- 

 dle, near the Indian Reservation, or by 

 road along Bruneau River. 



2. Springs 



Idaho has literally hundreds of thou- 

 sands of springs. 



Thousand Springs Valley. (B4.) Lie 

 in East Fork Basin of East Fork of 

 Salmon River. Innumerable hot and 

 cold springs here. There are several 

 "Warm Springs Creek." On road from 

 Ketchum to Stanley, then Salmon 

 River Highway to Springs. 



Gui/cr Hot Springs. (D5.) Huge 

 mineral springs, and Warm Springs 

 Creek near Ketchum Springs commer- 

 cialized. Piped to houses for heat. 

 Oregon Short Line R. R. to Ketchum. 

 Scenery here marvelous, the "saw 

 teeth" of the Sawtooth Range con- 

 spicuous. 



Ilailey Hot Springs. (D5.) Near 

 Hailey, Blaine County. Somewhat com- 

 mercialized. Piped to Hailey for heat. 



Hot Springs in Elmore County. (B4.) 

 Within 8 mi. northeast of Moun- 

 tain Home. 103° to 167°F. Mud spring 

 northwest of Mountain Home. Fairly 

 large. Also natural cave of consider- 

 able size. Near good auto roads. — E. F. 

 Mason. 



South Fork of Boise River between Pine 

 and Feathcrbillc has half a dozen large 

 hot springs along road (D4) . One piped 

 for a large outdoor bathing pool. Fish 

 spring flows hot from small islet in Boise 

 River. 



Soda Springs and Vicinity. (B5.) 

 Originally famous for its Soda springs, 

 has been commercialized to a large ex- 

 tent. The region "was a miniature 

 Yellowstone Park." 



Lava Hot Springs. (B5.) In Bannock 

 County, a state reserve. On Oregon 

 Short LineR. R. 



3. Caves 



Among other attractions, Idaho has a 

 large number of caves. Unfortunately, 

 very little is known of most of them, as 

 they have been little explored. A 

 number of caves are found in Caribou 

 County, in Franklin County (perpetual 

 ice), Elmore County. Cooding County 

 (perpetual ice), and Valley of the Mooii 

 in Blaine County. 



4. Sand dunes 



Sand dunes covering considerable 

 area are found in Freemont County north 

 of St. Anthony. These adjoin some old 

 lava fields and craters, and are inter- 

 mingled with good grazing prairie. At 

 least 20 sq. mi. Local roads from St. 

 Anthony north. 



5. Lava flows 



a. The Sinks. (B4.) The lava flow 

 in the region of the Snake River Desert 

 has produced a phenomenon called the 

 "Sinks" where considerable streams 

 appear from the surface and continue 

 their way underground to the Snake 

 River miles away. Located in Butte 

 County some miles below and east of the 

 Howe at the edge of Snake River desert. 

 There the Big Lost River and Little 

 Lost River disappear into the ground, to 

 reappear at intervals. Further up the 

 Birch Creek Sinks can be found. These 

 streams here go under the lava to the 

 depth of hundreds of feet and emerge 

 finally as gigantic springs on the sides 

 and bottom of the Snake River Canyon 

 60 mi. away. Reached best from Arco 

 on the Oregon Short Line, then by auto 

 road through Howe to the various sinks. 



b. Lava Fields. (B2.) Fields of roll- 

 ing or broken lava are found in a number 

 of places in southern Idaho; in Free- 

 mont, Minidoka, Bingham, Owyhee, 

 Bonneville Counties. 



c. Craters. (A3.) May be found in 

 most of the southern counties, also in 

 the central counties northward to 

 Idaho County. 



d. Buffalo Hump. (A3.) A lone 

 butte in the middle of Idaho County, 

 active in 1866, with lava flow accom- 

 panied by tremors. Active in August- 

 September, 1881. Reached from 

 Grangeville, then by road to Concord. 



e. Snake River Desert. (B3.) (B2.) 

 About 3400 sq. mi. Available. Occu- 

 pies middle center of Idaho, particularly 

 the region north of the Snake River 

 extending from Wood River northeast 

 past the Sinks of the Big Lost River. 



Lava fields partly covered with sage- 

 brush, with patches of small trees. 

 Sagebrush fauna most abundant. Big 

 Lost River, Little Lost River, Camas 

 Creek and Birth Creek enter the desert 

 in the north, but soon become lost in the 

 "sinks;" these are fissured areas where 

 shallow lakes form in spring, which later 

 disappear. According to geologists 

 there is a subterranean bed in which the 

 streams flow hundreds of miles south- 

 west and west and reappear as gigantic 

 sprmgs from the north wall of the Snake 

 River Canyon, in the 18 mi. between 



