NATURAL AREAS AND REGIONS 



719 



this forest are the large epiphytic ferns, 

 Aglaoinorpha, Leucostegia, Nephrolepis, 

 and Davallia. Another curious epiphy- 

 tic fern is the ant-harboring Lecanop- 

 teris, with its large channeled base. 

 Other ant-harboring plants are Hyduo- 

 phijtuvi and Myrmecodia belonging to 

 the Rubiaceae. 



The forest of Mount Makiling is 

 recommended for study, because both 

 its flora and fauna have been studied 

 more in detail than has any other nat- 

 ural forest area in the Philippines. 

 There are more than 1800 species of 

 vascular plants known in the Makiling 

 flora, a few of them being confined to 

 this single mountain. Extensive col- 

 lections have also been made here of the 

 fungi, mosses and liverworts, insects, 

 reptiles and birds. According to Muir,^ 

 55 of the 68 species of derbids found in 

 Luzon have been taken on Mount 

 Makiling and the neighboring locality 

 of Los Baiios. 



Mount Banajao, nearly 7500 ft. high 

 (2300 meters) is an easy journey from 

 Los Baiios, and has a much wetter 

 climate as well as a greater height. The 

 vegetation at its foot is accordingly 

 essentially rain forest. The transition 

 to mossy forest is more gradual than on 

 Mount Makiling, and there is a distinct 

 type, of coniferous forest, of nearly pure 

 Podocarpus imbricatus Bl. and P. costalis 

 C. Presl. at its summit. Associated 

 with these are a number of truly alpine 

 forms. The flora is much richer in 

 ferns and mosses than is Mount Makil- 

 ing, but the animal life seems less 

 abundant. 



REFERENCES 



Brown, W. H. The vegetation of 

 Philippine Mountains. Phil. Bur. 

 Sci., Manila, 1919. This gives a 

 detailed account of the climate and 

 forest vegetation of Mount Makiling 



' Muir, F. The Derbidae of the Philippine 

 Islands. Phil. .Jour. Sci., D., 12: 50-52, 1917. Maki- 

 liiiK as a biological station. Phil. Agr., 8: 17-18. 

 1919. 



and a brief account of Mount 

 Banajao. 

 Brown, VVm. H., and Mathews, Donald 

 M. Philippine dipterocarp forests, 

 Phil. Jour. Sci., 9: 413-561. 1914. 

 Gates, Frank C. Swamp vegetation in 

 hot springs area at Los Baiios, 

 Laguna, P. L Phil. Jour. Sci. C, 9: 

 495-516. 1914. 



Muir, F. The Derbidae of the Philip- 

 pine Islands. Phil. Jour. Sci. D, 

 12: 50-52. 1917. 



Muir, F. Makiling as a biological sta- 

 tion. Phil. Agric. 8: 17-18. 1919. 



Trelease, Sam F., and McLean, Forman 

 T. Mount Makiling as a station for 

 botanical research. Phil. Agric. 8: 

 6-16. 1919. 



McGregor, R. C. Some features of the 

 Philippine ornis. Phil. Jour. Sci., 

 16: 361-437. 1920. 



Taylor, E. H. Additions to the herpito- 

 logical fauna of the Philippine 

 Islands. I— Phil. Jour. Sci., 21: 

 161-206. 1922: II— ibid., 21: 257- 

 303. 1922; III— ibid.. 22: 515-557. 

 1923. 



Taylor, E. H. Amphibians and turtles 

 of the Philippine Islands. Philip- 

 pine Bureau of Science. 1922. 



Taylor, E. H. Lizards of the Philippine 

 Islands. Philippine Bureau of 

 Science. 1922. 



Taylor, E. H. Snakes of the Philip- 

 pine Islands. Philippine Bureau 

 of Science. 1922. 



Hollister, Ned. A list of the mammals 

 of the Philippine Islands, exclusive 

 of the Cetacea. Phil. Jour. Sci., 7: 

 1-64. 1912. 



Light, S. F. Notes on Philippine ter- 

 mites. I— Phil. Jour. Sci., 18: 243- 

 257. 1921; II— ibid. ,19: 23-63. 1921. 



Copeland, E. B. The Polypodiacea of 

 the Philippine Islands. Manila. 

 1905. 



Uichanco, L. General facts in the 

 biology of the Philippine mound- 

 building termites. Phil. Jour. Sci., 

 15: 59. 



Merrill, E. D. Flora of Manila. Philij)- 

 pine Bureau of Science, Manila, 1912; 

 also, numerous papers by Merrill on 

 classification of Philippine plants. 



Foxworthy, F. W. Philippine gymno- 

 sperms. Phil. Jour. Sci., 6: 149-177. 

 1911. 



Foxworthy, F. W. Philippine Diptero- 

 carpaceae. I — Phil. Jour. Sci., 6: 

 231-287. 1911; II— ibid., S: 16;M99. 

 1918. 



