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NATURALIST'S GUIDE TO THE AMERICAS 



small animals of the forest, most of 

 which like the plants range far north; 

 but some like the "chameleon" {Anolis 

 carolinensis), and some of the butter- 

 flies, (viz., Heliconidae) are distinctly 

 southern. 



Birds which nest here or in the shrub- 

 bery of the forest margin are: Chuck- 

 Will's-widow, Florida nighthawk, the 

 fish crow, the cardinal, nests in the 

 dense thickets, and the mockingbird. 



Characteristic snakes are the black- 

 snake, chicken-snake, corn-snake, com- 

 mon hog-nosed snake, king-snake, and 

 the burrowing worm-snake {Carphophis 

 amoena), which looks like a large earth 

 worm. 



The lizards are Sceloporus spinosus 

 floridanus, the glass-snake {Ophisawus 

 ventralis), and the swift {Cnemidophorus 

 sexUneaius) . 



Insects: Butterflies typical of the 

 high hammocks are : Papilio polydamus, 

 whose larva lives on Aristolochia, P. 

 cresphontes, whose larva the "Orange 

 Dog" lives on prickly ash {Fagara). 



6. Tropical hammocks. This is a dense 

 jungle of trees, shrubs, lianas, and 

 epiphytes, mostly evergreen but con- 

 taining a species of hickory. Typical 

 trees are banyans, wild papaya the 

 Gumbo Limbo (Bur sera simaruba), Ma- 

 hogany {Suietenia mahagoni), Rubber 

 Trees (Ficus aurea and F. populina), 

 and Lance Wood Ocotea catesbyana. 

 The butterflies include the big yellow 

 Turnus {P. glaucus), P. troilus iloneus, 

 P. palamedes on Persea and Magnolia, 

 Ajax (P. marcellus), the Zebra {Migoni- 

 tis charithonia) on Passiflora, Bupioieta 

 Claudia also on the passion flower, 

 Polygonia interrogationis, Enodia port- 

 landia, the Wood nymph {Megisto 

 sosybius), and the skipper Calpodes 

 ethlius. 



Characteristic moths are the Luna 

 (Actios luna dictynna), Polyphemus 

 (Tclea polyphemus), the underwings 

 {Catocala spp.), the regal moth {athero- 

 ma regalis), whose larva is the "Hickory 

 Horned Devil," the wasp moth {Cosmo- 

 soma myrodora), Dahana atripennis, 



the moth of the velvet bean caterpillar 

 (Anticarsia gemmatilis), and that of the 

 puss moth {Megalopyge opercularis) . 



Characteristic hemiptera are the club- 

 legged plant bug, the northern green 

 stink bug {Nezara hilaris), numerous 

 cicadas, membracids, tingids, etc. 



For a list of the beetles, see Dozier, 

 1920. 



Many large and beautiful snails are 

 found here. 



Characteristic locusta are Melanoplus 

 rotundipennis and M. querneus; katy- 

 dids, Stilpnochlora coidoniana, Lea flori- 

 densis, Pterophylla camellifolia, Atlanti- 

 cus gibbosus. The common mantid is 

 Gonatista grisea. 



The craneflies are Tipula mingwe, 

 the T. umbrosa group, Dicranomyia 

 liberta, Gnophomyia luctuosa, and Dicra- 

 noptycha sobrina. 



Typical butterflies are Papilio polyda- 

 mus, on Aristolochia, the South Florida 

 White {Appias ilaire neumoegenii) , Ca- 

 topsilia agarithe on Cassia, the Zebra, 

 Eunica tatila, Athena peleus on Ficus, 

 Anaena portia. 



These tropical hammocks are noted 

 for numerous species of large and 

 beautiful snails. 



Fresh waters. Springs in Florida 

 ivhose waters are practically unpolluted. 

 These are underground water courses in 

 limestone regions which come to the 

 surface in certain places. The largest 

 of these is Silver Springs, six miles east 

 of Ocala. The spring is so powerful 

 that good-sized steamboats regularly 

 navigate the river flowing from it and 

 come up in the spring itself. There 

 are a nimiber of these springs in the 

 state which are but little smaller. As 

 a general thing the more shallow springs 

 and streams although unpolluted as far 

 as pathologenic germs are concerned 

 are so charged with decaying organic 

 matter as to be unpalatable. Most of 

 the streams and many of the lakes are 

 very dark in color as a result of the 

 presence of decaying organic matter. 

 Some of the larger lakes are quite clear 

 and palatable. Lake Weir is one of 



