528 



NATURALIST'S GUIDE TO THE AMERICAS 



versity of Colorado for ten years and 

 numerous publications issued. See 

 Univ. of Colo. Studies, 17: 53-64, 1917, 

 for bibliography. 



Located in vicinity of Tolland, Colo., 

 in Gilpin County. Denver & Salt 

 Lake R. R. passes through Tolland and 

 up over the Continental Divide so that 

 all life zones are easily reached. Hotel 

 accommodations. — F. R. 



Owl Canyon. Few sq. mi. of foothill 

 coniferous forest, with rocky ridges and 

 a very interesting association dominated 

 by Cercocarpus shrubs (Chaparral). 

 See Univ. of Colo. Studies, 5: 119-131, 

 1908. 



Located in Larimer County, 15 mi. 

 n.w. from Ft. Collins, Colo., on high- 

 way to Cheyenne, Wyo. — F. R. 



Black Forest of Colorado. Many sq. 

 mi. of coniferous forest {Pinus scopulo- 

 rum) extending many mi. southeast 

 from Palmer Lake at which point it 

 merges with the mountain forest of the 

 foothills. Very interesting here and 

 even more of interest where it meets the 

 plains near Colorado Springs. The 

 forest extends along a sandstone spur 

 projecting out from the mountains, the 

 ridge gradually becoming submerged 

 in the plains soil of shale origin and the 

 forest disappearing with the changed 

 edaphic conditions. Some Rocky Moun- 

 tain red cedar {Juniperus scopularum) 

 present in the forest. Chief ecological 

 interest is in the tension between forest 

 and plain as controlled by soil type. 

 The area is covered with claims and 

 private titles but is very little settled 

 and is used chiefly for grazing. There is 

 still plenty of open ground for study. 



The southeast part of the forest is 

 reached from Colorado Springs by 

 automobile, distance of about 12 mi., 

 or from Monument, 5 mi. Both these 

 places and also Palmer Lake are on the 

 D. & R. G. and Santa Fe Railroads. 

 Hotel accommodations at all three towns. 

 —C. G. Bates. 



*Colorado Springs Water Preserve. 

 About 100 sq. mi. of mountain forest 

 comprising most of the typical trees 

 of the eastern Rockies except lodgepole 

 pine, extends from an elevation of 6500 

 ft. at Manitou to 11,500 ft. (timberline) 

 on Pikes Peak. The soil is derived 

 wholly from a coarse-grained granite 

 and shows all ages from loose gravel- 

 slides to stable gravelly loams. Points 



of ecological interest are the several 

 forest types accessible within a short 

 range, and the rather poor development 

 of all forests owing, probably, to severe 

 winter drought. Uniformity of soil 

 type causes marked merging of different 

 associations; decided contrasts resulting 

 from topography and exposure are, 

 however, available. 



The area is within the Pike National 

 Forest, largely owned and controlled 

 by the city of Colorado Springs for 

 water-supply purposes. Regulations 

 exclude all stock from the area. Tour- 

 ists are not encouraged on property 

 owned by the city but scientific workers 

 receive due consideration. The Car- 

 negie Alpine Laboratory (Dr. F. E. 

 Clements, Manitou, Colo., June-August) 

 and the Fremont Forest Experiment 

 Station (C. G. Bates, Box 1068 Colorado 

 Springs) are located within the area of 

 interest. Arrangements might be made 

 in advance by writing either station. 

 Reached from Manitou or Colorado 

 Springs; hotel accommodations year 

 around. A cog railway penetrates the 

 area, starting at Manitou. — C. G. Bates. 



*Garden of the Gods and adjacent 

 territory. Few sq. mi. of xerophytic 

 grassland, pinyon-cedar association, and 

 scrub oak thickets (chaparral) lying 

 in the district about Manitou and 

 Colorado Springs. Mesa vegetation de- 

 scribed by Shantz in Botanical Gazette, 

 42: 16-47, 1906. 



Electric cars between Colorado 

 Springs and Manitou pass near to the 

 area. — F. R. 



Florissa7it Lake Beds. Few sq. mi. of 

 mountain coniferous forest and xerophy- 

 tic grassland in a chiefly grazing and 

 sparsely populated area. Some aspen 

 forest; mesophytic areas along streams, 

 large lake; general open country, rolling, 

 with few narrow canyons. Remarkable 

 locality for Miocene fossils, both plant 

 and animal. For accounts of geology, 

 botany and paleontology see Univ. of 

 Colo. Studies, 3: 177-185, 1906. Numer- 

 ous later articles by Prof. T. D. A. 

 Cockerell give descriptions of fossil 

 plants and insects. 



Located in Teller County in Floris- 

 sant, Colorado. Hotel accommodations. 



