1 1 2 Livm^ Things Are Basically Alike unit ii 



as man extracts them from living matter, acteristics and you can discover the 



These compounds which are made by various compounds in protoplasm by 



protoplasm are proteins, carbohydrates applying the appropriate tests, 



(starches and sugars), and fats. Thus you have learned what makes 



Protoplasm is a mixture of these vari- up all living things, whether plants or 



ous compounds; in other words the com- animals; and you have seen that in their 



pounds are not chemically united with structure plants and animals are funda- 



one another in the living stuff, proto- mentally alike. Both consist of the com^ 



plasm. Therefore they keep their char- plex mixture, protoplasm. 



Questions 



1. What can you say about the internal structure of many animals? 

 About when did men begin to examine the parts of animals and plants 

 more closely? What did Robert Hooke discover? 



2. What is a cell? What is protoplasm? Why did Hooke not see proto- 

 plasm? State the two important facts that were disclosed by the use 

 of microscopes? 



3. Name, locate, and describe the nine or ten parts of the microscope 

 with which you must be familiar in order to use it correctly. What 

 are the rules for the use of the low power? What is meant by the 

 words "focus" and "field of vision"? How does a compound micro- 

 scope differ from a simple microscope? 



4. What are the three main parts of an animal cell? What three struc- 

 tures are commonly found in the cells of plants but not in the cells 

 of animals? How does a cell membrane differ from a cell wall? What 

 is cellulose and where is it found? 



5. Describe the structure of the cell nucleus. What is the important 

 material found in everv" nucleus? 



6. What arc the characteristics of protoplasm? What is known about 

 the structure of protoplasm? 



7. With what does chemistry deal? What is an element? What nine 

 elements are found in all protoplasm? 



8. What is a compound? Using table salt as an example explain what 

 happens to elements when they unite chemically w ith one another. 

 What four compounds are found in protoplasm and not in nature 

 outside of living things? What two compounds are classed as carbo- 

 hydrates? What is true of the chemical composition of all carbohy- 

 drates? How tlo fats and proteins compare with carbohydrates in 

 their clicniical composition? 



9. What is the test for each of the following: starches, simple sugars, 

 fats, proteins, water, mineral compounds? 



10. How docs a mixture differ from a compound? Is protoplasm a mix- 

 ture or a compound? 



