PROBLEM 5. 



The Stages of Mcnis Develop7fiem on the Earth 575 



ceive the blood. The different types of 

 blood must be kept separate by hospitals. 

 Now some people have hastily jumped 

 to the conclusion that the blood of the 



/ / "^^ different races must be of different type. 



I / S ^^^^ ^^ ^^^ been shown that the same four 



J_J — ., — i„_ I I _ aJm blood types occur among the members 



of all the races. For this reason it is not 

 necessary to keep separate the blood of 

 different races for use in transfusion. 



Wrong uses of the word race. Man is 

 subdivided into stocks and races merely 

 as a matter of convenience to anthro- 

 pologists (an-throw-pol'oh-jists), those 

 who study man. But the word race has 

 been picked up by many people who use 

 it in common speech in a variety of 

 ways. Some people speak of the "white 

 race" when they should speak of the 

 white or Caucasoid stock. You may have 

 heard people speaking, too, of a Jewish 

 or an Aryan or an Italian race. When 

 they speak of an Italian race they are 

 confusing a race with a nation. People 

 who live within certain boundaries and 

 pay taxes in Italy are Italians. They may 

 have white or black skins and straight 

 or wavy hair, yet they belong to the 

 Italian nation. Italy contains members of 

 all three Caucasoid races, not to men- 

 tion people of other stocks. The same is 

 true of all other European countries. 

 Even Scandinavian countries, which are 

 often thought of as Nordic, have many 

 inhabitants who belong definitely to the 

 Alpine or Alediterranean races. The most 

 that can be said is that the proportion 

 of Nordics in Scandinavia is larger than 

 in other countries. 



When people speak of a "Jewish race" 

 they are making a different type of 

 error; they are confusing religious or 



Fig. 523 By uiaking use of thousands of meas- 

 urements, Dr. H. L. Shapiro has been able to 

 construct figures illustrating some of the races 

 of the three great stocks of Jtiankind. At the 

 top is the Caucasoid stock with three of its 

 races: the Nordic, Alpine, and Mediterranean. 

 The Mongoloid stock is next, showing the Poly- 

 nesian, Mongolian, and Ainerican Indian. At 

 the bottom is the Negroid stock: the African 

 Forest Negro, the Bushma^i (Black), and the 

 Atistralian. Note that this anthropologist viakes 

 slightly different subdivisions of the Mongol- 

 oid and Negroid stocks from those given in 

 the preceding table, (shapiro — American mu- 

 seum OF NATURAL HISTORY) 



majority of their characters they are dis- 

 tinctly Nordic, All this applies to every 

 other race. At this point the class should 

 work together to do Exercise 4. 



Is there a difference in the blood? 

 There are four different types of blood, 

 and in giving transfusions the physician 

 must determine the blood type of the 

 donor and of the patient who is to re- 



