PROBLEM 6. Horjiiones Help Regulate Cell Activities 257 



Questions 



1. What do chemical regulators do for the body? Give examples of 

 their effects. 



2. Where are hormones made? Where do they do their work? Give 

 three names for glands that secrete hormones. How do they differ 

 from other glands? 



3. Locate the thyroid gland. What are the results of removing the thy- 

 roid gland in an experimental animal? What name is given to the 

 hormone secreted by the thyroid gland? What is known about its 

 composition? 



4. What is cretinism? How does it show itself? What effect does thy- 

 roid deficiency have in people who are fully developed? What ex- 

 ternal symptom might make you suspect thyroid deficiency? What 

 often prevents its occurrence? How can it be treated? 



5. What are the effects of, and what is the treatment for, oversecretion 

 of thyroxin? 



6. What is meant by an isotope? Name a radioactive isotope and tell 

 how it can be used. 



7. In which ductless gland is insulin made? What disease is caused by its 

 deficiency? "Insulin keeps sugar out of the blood." In what ways 

 does it do this? 



8. What important contributions did Claude Bernard make to science? 

 What chance observation led to the discovery of the cause of dia- 

 betes? What are two entirely distinct activities of the pancreas? 



9. What are the "glands of combat"? Where are they located? State 

 five ways in which adrenin prepares the body for an emergency. 



10. Of what further importance are the adrenal glands? 



1 1 . Which gland is functioning abnormally when giants or dwarfs de- 

 velop? Where is it located? 



12. Which is the "master gland"? How did it get its name? Explain the 

 effect of the hormone secreted by the posterior part of the pituitary 

 gland. 



13. Name two other important ductless glands and state what effect each 

 has on the body. 



14. Sum up briefly what every living cell takes from and adds to the 

 blood in every organ of the body and what special organs take from 

 the blood and give to it. In what respect is our body more than a col- 

 lection of organs? 



