PROBLEM 3. Behavior i?i Co7nplex Aniiiials 299 



16. What is meant by experience? Explain how experience would help 

 vou in a puzzle box. 



17. Give an example of reasoning by a chimpanzee. 



18. What tools used by man and no other animals help him gain ex- 

 perience? 



19. Name six or eight emotions you have experienced. How can they 

 affect you physically? How do they affect \our responses? Discuss 

 emotions in other animals. 



20. How do a young baby's emotions compare with yours in {a) variety, 

 and (b) in the number of stimuli which may arouse them? Why is it 

 necessary to learn to control the emotions? 



21. Name and define the different kinds of responses you make. What 

 makes up the largest part of your behavior? 



Exercises 



1. (a) If you have ever had a pet, describe how you trained or con- 

 ditioned it. [h) Give an example of a conditioned response in a child. 



2. Using the figures given for the experiments with rats and cats, draw 

 a learning curve on cross-ruled paper for each of these animals. Can you 

 suggest reasons why the animals did not improve steadily? 



3. What type of learning do you display in solving a puzzle, such as 

 the Chinese ring puzzle? Time yourself. Describe the method by which 

 you solved the puzzle. How long did it take your classmates? What 

 method did they use? How long does it take the second time? You can 

 vary this experiment by placing a mirror on a table with a sheet of paper 

 in front of it. Draw a star or a horse by watching your pencil in the 

 mirror. Don't look at your hand. Time yourself. Do it a second, third, 

 and fourth time, keeping a record of the time. 



4. Make several copies of the maze (Fig. 274). Keeping the diagram 

 covered and exposing only as much as you need to see to continue, trace 

 the path to the center with a pencil line. Time yourself carefully. Keep a 

 record. How long does it take you the second time? The third time? 



5. Answ^er these questions: {a) Why is it that a good pianist does not 

 have to think of where to place his fingers when playing a composition? 

 (/?) A pieceworker in a factory earned $12.00 the first and second weeks; 

 $13.00 the third; $14.50 the fourth; and $16.00 the fifth. Compare this 

 record with the trial and error figures for the rat. What difference do you 

 note? Why should there be this difference? 



6. (a) Make a list of fifteen activities that have become habitual to 

 you. State about each whether the habit is helpful to you, harmful, or 

 unimportant, {b) Name one or two bad habits that you have acquired. 

 Outline exactly how you may break yourself of a bad habit. 



7. List some of the feelings or emotions you have experienced. Then 

 group them together into classes. For example, pleasure and joy can be 

 grouped together. Which of all the emotions do you find the strongest? 



