LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS 



FIGURE PAGE 



i. Skeleton of Seal 59 



2. Skeleton of Greenland Whale 61 



3. Paddle of Whale Compared with Hand of Man .... 62 



4. Wing of Reptile, Mammal, and Bird 63 



5. Skeleton of Dinar 11 is gravis 66 



6. Hermit Crabs Compared with Cocoa-Nut Crab .... 68 



7. Rudimentary or Vestigial Hind Limbs of Python ... 70 



8. Apteryx austral is 71 



9. Illustrations of the Nictitating Membrane in Various 



Animals 76 



10. Rudimentary, or Vestigial and Useless, Muscles of the 



Human Ear 77 



n. Portrait of a Young Gorilla 78 



12. Lower Extremities of a Young Child ....*. 79 



13. An Infant, Three Weeks Old, Supporting Its Own Weight 



for Oyer Two Minutes 80 



14. Sacrum of Gorilla Compared with That of Man ... 81 



15. Diagrammatic Outline of the Human Embryo When about 



Seven Weeks Old 82 



16. Front and Back View of Adult Human Sacrum .... 82 



17. Appendix Vermiformts in Orang and in Man 83 



18. Appendix Vermiformis in Orang and in Man, Showing Va- 



riation in the Orang 83 



19. Human Ear Modeled and Drawn by Mr. Woolner ... 84 



20. Foetus of an Orang 85 



21. Vestigial Character of Human Ears 86 



22. Hair Tracts on the Arms and Hands of Man, as Compared 



with Those of the Chimpanzee 88 



23. Molar Teeth of Lower Jaw in Gorilla, Orang, and Man . 90 



24. Perforations of the Humerus in Three Species of Quadru- 



mana 91 



25. First Stages in the Embryonic Development of the Pond 



Snail, Lymnaeus 107 



26. Stages in the Development of the Prawn, Peneus potimirium 111 



xxi 



