INTRODUCTION TO EUGENICS 443 



of the mingling of races, of unions which have proved to be fateful to 

 social progress, should be discussed. In this section will be presented 

 the results of researches upon racial mixtures in relation to human 

 history. Also the topics of racial differences in disease and psychology 

 will be taken up. The history of race migrations and their influence 

 on the fate of nations, especially modern immigration should be set 

 forth. 



"IV. The fourth section will discuss eugenics in relation to the 

 state, to society and to education. It will include studies on certain 

 practical applications of eugenic research and on the value of such 

 findings to morals, to education, to history, and to the various social 

 problems and movements of the day. In this section will be considered 

 the bearing of genetical discoveries upon the question of human differ- 

 ences and upon the desirability of adjusting the educational program 

 to such differences. Here will be considered the importance of family 

 history studies for the better understanding and treatment of various 

 types of hospital cases and those requiring custodial care. The bear- 

 ings of genetics on sociology, economics and the fate of nations may 

 be considered in this section." 



This outline of the program of the Eugenics Congress shows clearly 

 that eugenics is a broadly conceived subject. It is not merely a 

 branch of genetics, but has intimate relations with sociology, econom- 

 ics, legal science, political science, the scientific study of crime and 

 delinquency, medical science, and education. 



The aims and ideals of eugenics. — The hopes and ideals of eugen- 

 ists are well expressed in the closing paragraph of the address of the 

 president of the last International Congress of Eugenics, Major 

 Leonard Darwin, an illustrious grandson of Charles Darwin: 



"Eugenics aims at increasing the rate of multiplication of stocks 

 above the average in heritable qualities, and at decreasing that rate 

 in the case of stocks below that average. But if the banner under 

 which we are to fight should only have inscribed on it some such an 

 arid definition of policy as this, our defeat would be certain. We 

 must prove that we are under the guidance of a noble ideal. We of 

 this generation are responsible for the production of the next genera- 

 tion and, therefore, of all mankind in the future; and all in whom this 

 sense of racial responsibility acts as a deep-seated sentiment, greatly 

 affecting their action and their policy, are in truth guided by the eu- 

 genic ideal. The belief that man has been slowly developed from some 

 ape-like progenitor came toward the close of the last century to be near- 



