Jane A. Russell 



513 



peripheral use of glucose after hypophysectomy has been found now also in 

 the eviscerated rat, and in addition it has been shown not to be due to in- 

 creased deposition of muscle glycogen or to lactic acid formation (Russell"). 

 In fact, in the absence of added glucose, a loss of muscle glycogen occurs in 



TABLE 2 



Anterior Pituitary Extract and Insulin in Hepatectomized Rabbits 



(From Himsworth and Scott) 



With insulin only 



With APEt only 



With APE and insulin 



No. of 

 observations 



Survival time,* 

 minutes 



82 ± 5 



I79±i4 

 i8o±i6 



* Time after hepatectomy until convulsions occurred, 

 t Young's giycotrophic extract. 



the hypophysectomized eviscerated rat (but not in the normal animal), which 

 can be prevented by pretreatment of the animal with APE, just as in the 

 intact fasted rat. The rate of fall of the blood sugar after evisceration in the 

 rat is also increased by hypophysectomy and diminished by APE (table 3). 



TABLE 3 



Carbohydrate Metabolism in Eviscerated Rats 



Normal rats (adrenal-demedullated) . 



Hypophysectomized rats 



Hypophysectomized rats given APE 

 Adrenalectomized rats (salt treated) 



Rate of fall in 



blood sugar, 



mg. per cent 



per hour 



37 i 3 • o 



72^5.8 



47±3-6 

 58±6.7 



Glucose required 



to maintain 



normal blood 



sugar level, 



mg. per lOO gm. 



per hour 



I3.5-I4.O 

 26 — "SO 



Thus, since the rapid rate of disappearance of carbohydrate noted after hy- 

 pophysectomy persists in the absence of the liver, which is the prime site of 

 gluconeogenesis, it can be assumed that there exists an accelerated rate of 

 peripheral oxidation of carbohydrate in the absence of the pituitary. 



Many other changes in metabolism observed after hypophysectomy can be 

 associated with a high rate of oxidation of carbohydrate in conditions where 

 ordinarily carbohydrate oxidation is reduced to a minimum— among them 

 the failure to recover from insulin hypoglycemia, the fatal hypoglycemia and 

 relative failure of fat and protein metabolism which is found in phlorizinized 

 hypophysectomized animals, and the apparent resumption of carbohydrate 

 metabolism in the absence of the pancreas. Yet, in none of the latter cases is 



