van Wagenen and Hamilton 58 



K 



At the outset it was feared that an early injection of large amounts of hor- 

 mone might cause abortion, and for this reason the animals first injected were 

 given the smaller doses, beginning around the sixtieth day. When it was 

 found that the hormone so given was well tolerated, higher doses were ad- 

 ministered beginning about the fortieth day. Thus, the animals receiving the 

 largest amounts of hormone were also those placed on earliest treatment. By 

 analogy with human development, the genital organs at the fortieth day would 

 still be in an indifferent stage with both male and female ducts present and 

 the sex of the gonad unidentifiable by histological examination. 



Results. From the six androgen-treated animals, fotir living and developing 

 fetuses were removed. In the other two monkeys the contents of the uterus 

 were found to be degenerated. Fortunately, three of the foiu- living fetuses 

 were genetic females and only one a male. Two were female complete pseudo- 

 hermaphrodites. 



Pseudohermaphrodites are classified according to the sex of the gonad and 

 the sexual type of the accessory sex organs. The first adjective applied to the 

 pseudohermaphrodite is "male" if the gonads are testes, "female" if they are 

 ovaries. The second adjective "external," "internal," or "complete" denotes 

 whether it is the external, internal, or both external and internal genitalia 

 which are at variance with the sex of the gonads. Thus, an individual with 

 testes, whose external genitalia are female in type, is a male external pseudo- 

 hermaphrodite. 



Monkeys 96 and 59, which received 20 mg. of testosterone propionate daily 

 beginning on the forty-first and forty-third days, yielded female fetuses which 

 have developed prostates and male external genitalia (fetuses 67 and 80, pi. 1, 

 figs. 1, 5, and 6). The largest dosage of hormone (20 mg.) so completely changed 

 the appearance of the fetuses removed from monkeys 96 and 59 that, as they 

 were lifted from the uterus, the operator believed them to be normal males. 

 The presence of hypospadias and the absence of palpable testes were the first 

 hints that the fetuses might be, in reality, pseudohermaphrodites. 



The third female, fetus 63, came from monkey 05, which received a total 

 dose of 152 mg. of testosterone propionate between the sixty-ninth and ninety- 

 ninth days. Following this minimal amount and late treatment, the masculiniz- 

 ing influence of the hormone was found in the enlarged clitoris and modified 

 vestibule (pi. 1, fig. 4). 



Fetus 68 (pi. 1, fig. 2) was a genetic male from a pregnant animal injected 

 with 270 mg. of hormone. No external changes were apparent unless possibly 

 in the scrotal size. 



In monkey 36 vaginal bleeding and a dilated cervix led us to believe she 

 was about to abort, in which case there was a danger that she might destroy the 

 uterine contents. Monkeys usually eat only the placenta when a baby is born 

 alive and vigorous, but may devour all the products of an abortion or an early 

 parturition. In this monkey, hysterotomy was performed on the eighty-fourth 



